课程名称︰经济学原理 课程性质︰必修/选修 课程教师︰张清溪 开课学院：社科院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰2010/11/12 考试时限（分钟）：120 mins 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 第壹部分:选择题(每题2分，共40分) 1.In the markets for the factors of prodution in the circular-flow diagram, A)households are sellers and firms are buyers. B)households are buyers and firms are sellers. C)households and firms are both buyers. D)households and firms are both sellers. 2.The production possibilities frontier illustrates A)the trade-off between efficiency and equality. B)the combination of output that an economy should produce. C)the combination of output that each member of society should consume. D)None of the above is correct. 3.A positive economic statement such as "Pollution taxes decrease the quantity of pollution generated by firms" A)would likely be made by an economist acting as a policy advisor. B)would require value judgements and statistic data in order to be evaluted C)would require statistic data but not value judgements in order to be evalu ted. D)could not be evaluted by economists acting as scientists. 4.You wear either shorts(运动短裤) or sweatpants(运动长裤)every day. You notice that sweatpants are now on sale, so your demand for A)sweatpants will increase. B)sweatpants will decrease. C)shorts will increase. D)shorts will decrease. 5.Pizza is a normal good if A)the demand for pizza falls when income rises. B)the demand for pizza rises when the price of pizza falls C)the demand curve for pizza slopes downward. D)the income elasticity of demand for pizza is positive. 6.There is no "shortage" of scarce resources in a market economy because in that market, A)resources are abundant. B)supply is always greater than demand. C)prices adjust to the equilibrium. D)the government makes shortages illegal. 7.Suppose the government has imposed a price floor on cellular phones.Which of the following events could transform the price floor from one that is binding to one that is not binding(让管制无效)? A)Cellular phones become less popular. B)Traditional land line phones(一般市话)become more expensive. C)The components used to produce cellular phones become less expensive. D)Firms expect the price of cellular phones to fall in the future. 8.A person who takes a prescription drug to control high cholesterol(胆固醇) most likely has a demand for that drug that is A)inelastic. B)unit elastic. C)elastic. D)perfectly elastic. 9.Jean-Paul says that he will spend exactly 75 cents a day on M&Ms,regardless of the price of M&Ms.Jean-Paul's demand for M&Ms is A)perfectly elastic. B)unit elastic. C)perfectly inelastic D)None of the abo ve. 10.Harry's Barber Shop increased its total monthly revenue from $1,500 to $1,800 when it raised the price of a haircut from $5 to $9. The price elasticity of demand for Harry's Haircut is A)0.00. B)0.70. C)1.00. D)1.43. 11.A decrease in supply will cause the largest increase in price when A)both supply and demand are inelastic. B)demand is elastic and supply is inelastic. C)both supply and demand are elastic. D)demand is inelastic and supply is elastic. 12.The ratio of the marginal utility of coffee to the marginal utility of donuts is four for an individual maximizing utility . This implies that A)a donut is four times more valuable than a cup of coffee. B)the coffee to donuts price ratio is one to four(1/4). C)the coffee to donuts price ratio is four to one (4). D)this person always eats donuts with coffee. 13.Indifference curves graphically represent A)income levels to achieve a given utility. B)the constraints faced by individuals. C)an individual's preferences. D)the relative price of commodities. 14.The law of diminishing marginal utility refers to A)a consumer's decrease in total utility as she consumes more units of a good. B)a consumer's decrease in additional utility as she consumes more units of a good. C)the idea that total utility is negative. D)the idea that marginal utility is negative. 15.When marginal cost is greater than average cost,average cost is A)rising. B)falling. C)constant. D)either rising or falling depending on the economies of scale. 16.In the long run Firm A incurs total of #1,200 when output is 30 units and $1,650 when output is 40 units. Firms A exhibits A)diseconomies of scale because total cost is rising as output rises. B)diseconomies of scale because average cost is rising as output rises. C)economies of scale because total cost is rising as output rises. D)economies of scale because average cost is falling as output rises. 17.Which of the following statements regarding a competitive market is not correct? A)Many buyers and many sellers in the market. B)Price equals aveage revenue. C)Firms can freely enter or exit the market. D)Price exceeds marginal revenue. 18.The "invisible hand" refers to A)the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being. B)the fact that social planners sometimes have no intervene,even in perfectly competitive markets,to make those markets more efficients. C)the equality that results from market forces allocating the goods produced in the market. D)the automatice maximization of consumers surplus in free markets. 19.Efficiency is attained when A)total surplus is maximized. B)producer's opportunity costs are minimized. C)all resources are being used. D)consumer's total benefit are maximized. 20.Coffee and tea are substitutes.Bad weather that damages the coffee trees would A)increase coffee's consumer surplus and decrease tea's producer surplus. B)increase coffee's consumer surplus and increase tea's producer surplus. C)decrease coffee's consumer surplus and increase tea's producer surplus. D)decrease coffee's consumer surplus and decrease tea's producer surplus. 第贰部分:问答题(共60分) 一、下表为鲁夫(R)与乔巴(J)两国在一年内分别可以生产的最大商品数量。请根据下表 回答以下问题。(15分) ______________________________ 汽车(C) 飞机(A) ______________________________ 鲁夫(R) 8 32 乔巴(J) 24 48 ______________________________ 1.画出两国的生产可能曲线。 2.两国生产两商品的机会成本各为多少？ 3.两者应该专业化分工生产何种商品？请问你是根据何种原则？ 4.两商品的价格(或交换比例)至少应该落在哪个区间，两国才愿意进行专业 化生产？ 5.承上题，两国若根据这样的价格交易，请利用题(1)的图形说明，双方将彼 此获利。 二、假设台大水源校区每次拍卖脚踏车的供给量为Q^s=5，学生的需求函数为Q^p=25-1/6P 请回答以下问题。(15分) 1.假设台大水源校区放任脚踏车价格由市场自由决定，此时市场均衡价格 (P*, Q*)为多少? 2.承上题，此时的消费者剩余、生产者剩余各为多少? 3.假设台大水源校区把脚踏车价格订为每台60元，会有多少人想买而买不到脚 踏车?又怎麽样的人可以买到脚踏车? 4.承上题，此时的绝对损失最多为多少?最少为多少? 5.题(3)，价格从P*降为60元的需求弹性为多少?请用文字解释你所算出来的值 三、下图是某消费者选择消费两种巧克力Xtra与Yap的偏好。假设「预算限制线」的斜率 为Px/Py，消费者的所得为10元。请根据下图回答以下问题:(14分) (图略) 1.假设Xtra的价格为2元，则消费者追求效用极大下时，他的消费选择为图上 那一点?请用边际效用分析法说明(4分) 2.假设Xtra的价格为1元，d点是否为消费者追求效用极大下的选择?如果是，为 什麽? 如果不是，要如何改变才能达到效用极大?请用边际效用分析法说明(2 分) 3.请根据上图，画出Xtra的个人需求曲线。(4分) 4.若Xtra免费赠送，你什麽时候会买Yap巧克力?请用无益曲线分析法说明(4分)\ 四、在完全竞争市场下，若市场均衡价格为$20，而厂商的成本函数为TC=20+Q^2，且 MC=2Q。请回答以下问题。(12分) 1.请算出利润极大化之产量、利润、平均变动成本以及平均固定成本。 2.厂商的供给曲线之方程式为何?解释其经济利益 3.当价格落在何处?该厂商将面临亏损且继续生产?为甚麽? 五、根据下图说明完全竞争市场如何调整至长期均衡。(4分) (图略) 第参部分、「是」「非」「不定」题。以下叙述如果「对」，请标示"T"，如果「错」， 请标示"F"，若是「不一定」对错，标示"U。但必须简略解释你的答案，不解释不给分 (每题4分，共20分) 1.新生南路上有一家杂货店，老板王五是房东也是店里唯一的店员，每个月杂货店 的净收入有5万元，从机会成本的角度来看，王五经营这家杂货店的经济利润一 定大於零，因此应该继续经营。 2.「自愿就学方案」对「学生间的竞争行为」看法错误。 3.「价值的矛盾」可以用「消费者剩余」来解释。 4.农人在采收农产品时，经常明知理亏，仍然努力采收，是因为他们不知道已经 亏损了。 5.管制下用「排队」、禁止「黄牛」的方式，分配有限资源，既公平又有效率。 --

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