课程名称︰经济学一 课程性质︰必修兼通识 课程教师︰李显峰 开课学院：社科院 开课系所︰工管系 生传系 地理系 考试日期（年月日）︰99年11月8日 考试时限（分钟）：170分钟(三节课) 是否需发放奖励金：是 试题 : A卷 ##请先在答案卷上填上何种卷别 一.选择题(请选择正确答案，每小题3分，合计60分) 1.Refer to Figure 1. All else equal, a decrease in the price of the grain fed to turkeys would cause a move a.from DA to DB. b.from DB to DA. c.from x to y. d.from y to x. price ↑ Figure 1 ∣ ＼ ∣ y ∣＼ ＼ ∣ ＼ ＼ ∣ ＼ x ∣ ＼ ＼ ∣ ＼ ＼ ∣ DA DB —————————→ quantity 2.When consumers face rising gasoline prices, they typically a.reduce their quantity demanded more in the long run than in the short run. b.reduce their quantity demanded more in the short run than in the long run. c.do not reduce their quantity demanded in the short run or the long run. d.increase their quantity demanded in the short run but reduce their quantity demanded in the long run. 3.Refer to Figure 2. Which of the following would most likely have caused the production possibilities frontier to shift outward from A to B? a.a decrease in unemployment b.a technological advance in the consumer goods industries c.a general techological advance d.an increase in the availability of capital-producing resources Capital Goods ∣— Figure 2 ∣ ＼ ∣ A B ∣ ╲ ∣ ＼ ∣ ﹨ ∣ ﹨ ∣ ﹨ ∣ ∣ ——————————— Consumption Goods 4.Firm ∣ Initial Pollution Level ∣ Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 unit ∣ ∣ A ∣ 90 units ∣$ 20 ∣ ∣ B ∣ 100 ∣ 25 ∣ ∣ C ∣ 60 ∣ 10 (原题) The government wants to reduce pollution to 120 units, so it gives each firm 60 tradable pollution permits. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? a. $ 500 b. $ 1000 c. $ 1100 d. $ 1700 (修改) The government wants to reduce pollution by 120 units, so it gives each firm 40 tradable pollution permits. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?(请附上详细计算过程) 5.To say that a price ceilig is binding is to say that the price ceiling a.results in a surplus b.is set above the equilibrium price. c.causes quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied. d.All of the above are correct. 6.Refer to Figure 3. If the government imposes a price floor of $120 in this market, then consumer surplus will decrease by a.$75 b.$125 c.$225 d.$300 price ↑ ∣demand supply D(5,120),S(5,70) ∣＼ ╱ 交点 (10,90) ∣ ＼ ╱ ∣ ＼ ╱ ∣ ＼ ∣ ╱ ＼ ∣ ╱ ＼ ∣╱ ＼ —————————→ quantity Figure 3 7.Consider a good to which a per-unit tax applies. The greater the price elasticities of demand and supply for the good, the a.smaller the deadweight loss from the tax. b.greater the deadweight loss from the tax. c.more efficient is the tax. d.more equitable is the distribution of the tax burden between buyers and sellers. 8.David walks Carolyn's dog once a day for $50 per week. Carolyn values this service at $60 per week, while the opportunity cost of David's time is $30 per week. The government places a tax of $35 per week on dog walkers. Before the tax, what is the total surplus? a.$60 b.$50 c.$30 d.$25 9.Refer to Figure 4. If the market is currently producing at Q4, then total economic well-being would be maxmized if output a.decreased to Q1. b.decreased to Q2. c.decreased to Q3. d.stay at Q4. Figure 4 price ↑ social cost 左边为Q1 ∣＼ ／ supply (private cost) SC和D的交点为Q2 ∣ ＼／ ／ PC和D的交点为Q3 ∣ ／＼ ／ 右边为Q4 ∣／ ＼ ∣ ／ ＼ ∣ ／ ＼ ∣／ ＼ ∣ ＼demand —————————→ quantity 10.Suppose there is an earthquake that destroys several corn canneries.Which of the following would not be a direct result of this event? a.Sellers would not be able to produce and sell as much as before at each relevant price. b.The supply would decrease. c.Buyers would not be willing to buy as much as before at each relevant price. d.The equilibrium price would rise. 11.If corn farmers know that the demand for the corn is inelastic, and they want to increase total revenue, they should all a.plant more corn so that they would be able to sell more each year. b.increase spending on fertilizer in an attempt to produce more corn on the acres they farm. c.reduce the number of acres they plant in corn. d.contribute to a fund that promotes technological advances in corn production. 12.Refer to Figure 5. Suppose Bob is willing to trade 6 burritos to Enid for each 10 tacos that Enid produces and sends to Bob. Which of the following combinations of tacos and burritos could Enid then consume, assuming Enid specializes in taco production and Bob specializes in burrito production? a.100 tacos and 200 burritos b.200 tacos and 130 burritos c.300 tacos and 60 burritos d.340 tacos and 40 burritos Figure 5 Bob's production Enid's production possibilities frontier possibilities frontier burritos↑ burritos↑ 300∣ ∣ ∣＼ ∣ ∣ ＼ 200∣ ∣ ＼ ∣＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ ∣ ＼ —————————→ tacos ——————————→ tacos 400 400 13.Refer to Figure 5. Bob should specialize in the production of a.tacos and Enid should specialize in the production of burritos. b.burritos and Enid should specialize in the production of tacos. c.both goods and Enid should specialize in the production of neither goods. d.neither goods and Enid should specialize in the production of both goods. 14.Refer to Figure 6 Without trade, consumer surplus is a.$100 and producer surplus is $50 b.$100 and producer surplus is $200 c.$400 and producer surplus is $50 d.$400 and producer surplus is $200 15.Refer to Figure 6 With free trade, consumer surplus is a.$100 and producer surplus is $50 b.$100 and producer surplus is $200 c.$400 and producer surplus is $50 d.$400 and producer surplus is $200 Figure 6 price↑ domestic supply DS和WP交点(5,20) ∣╲ ／ DS和WP+T交点(7,28) ∣ ╲ ／ DS和DD交点(10,40) ∣ ╲ ／ DD和WP+T交点(16,28)∣ ╲／ DD和WP交点(20,20) ∣ ／╲ ∣——／——╲————world price + tariff ∣—／————╲———world price ∣／ ╲ domestic demand ——————————→ quantity 16.Nedative externalities occur when one person's actions a.cause another person to lose money in a stock market transaction. b.cause his or her employer to lose business. c.cause his or her preference for foreign-produced goods. d.adversely affect the well-being of a bystander who is not party of the action. 17.Refer to Figure 7. If supply curve is S and the demand curve shifts from D to D', what is the change in producer surplus? a.Producer surplus increases by $3125. b.Producer surplus increases by $5625. c.Producer surplus decreases by $3125. d.Producer surplus decreases by $5625. Figure 7 price↑ S' S 300∣ ＼ ／ ／ 200∣ ＼ ／ ／ ∣＼ ＼ ／ 150∣ ＼／ ＼／ ∣ ／＼ ／＼ 100∣／ ＼ ＼ ∣ ／ ＼ ＼ ∣ ／ ＼ ＼ ∣／ ＼D ＼D' ———————————→ quantity 25 50 75 100 150 18.Which of the following statements about the effects of rent control is correct? a.The short-run effect of rent control is a surplus of apartments, and the long-run effect of rent control is a shortage of apartments. b.The short-run effect of rent control is a relatively small shortage of apartments, and the long-run effect of rent control is a larger shortage of apartments. c.In the long-run, rent control leads to a shortage of apartments and an improvement in the quality of available apartments. d.The effect of rent control are very noticeable to the public in the short-run because the primary effects of rent control occur very quickly. 19.Suppose buyers of liquor are required to send $1.00 to the government for every bottle of liquor they buy. Further, suppose this tax causes the effective price received by sellers of liquor to fall by $0.60 per bottle. Which of the following statements is correct? a.This tax causes the supply curve for liquor to shift upward by $1.00 at each quantity of liquor. b.The price paid by buyers is $0.40 per bottle mor than it was before the tax. c.Sixty percent of the burden of the tax falls on buyers. d.All of the above are correct. 20.Sellers of a product will bear the larger part of the tax burden, and buyers bear a smaller part of the tax burden, when the a.tax is placed on the sellers of the product. b.tax is placed on the buyers of the product. c.supply of the product is more elastic than the demand for the product. d.demand for the product is more elastic than the supply of the product. 二.计算申论题：计三大题，合计40分。(只列出(正确)答案，但未附上计算过程说明文字 者不予计分) 1.(5%)Expreso牌咖啡机的市场需求方程式为Q=10-P/2, Q是数量，P是单位价格。若目前 　市场上单位售价是8元，该公司企画部拟定降价策略以促销咖啡机，提高销售收入。 　当其它条件不变时，你(你)是否会支持该降价促销的策略？理由为何？ 2.(10%)依据2010年10月25日报导，财政部为了防范营建公司买入空地而闲置(成为养地) ，有炒作地价高涨的可能性，拟复徵空地税。试问： 　(1)在短期内，对素地（raw or unimproved land）课徵高额土地税，请绘图说明是否 会扭曲土地资源的配置效率?地主或租用人(买方)将负担税负(tax burden)? 　(2)上述课徵土地税所发生的社会福利无谓损失(deadweight loss)为何? 　(3)19世纪时，Henry George主张政府对土地课徵重税，其主张是否还能适用於目前还 能适用於目前各县市对土地(不动产real estate)的课税情形?(即：客观情势是否 相同?) 3.(25%)合台化工厂生产的化学品的市场供给及需求方程式分别是： 需求曲线 Qd=100-5P 供给曲线 Qs=5P-10 上列式中Q是单位数，P是单位价格。试求： 　(1)绘出化学品的供需曲线图，并求算其均衡量Q0及定价P0、消费者剩余CS0、生产者剩 余PS0、社会剩余SS0 (2)生产一单位化学品将排放出4单位的污染物，每一单位污染物造成社会成本$1。 试求试场均衡时的总污染成本PC1，又扣除污染成本後的社会剩余SS1。 (3)若完全禁止生产该化学品，将提高或减少社会剩余？ (4)若政府规定只准排放120单位的污染量，请会出供给与需求曲线图，并求算其消费者 剩余CS2、生产者剩余PS2、总污染成本PC2、社会剩余SS2。 (5)如果政府改为对该化学品每单位课徵税款$4而不禁止生产，试求其新均衡量Q3及定 价P3、消费者剩余CS3、生产者剩余PS3、政府税收TR、社会剩余SS3。社会剩余将 增加或减少?是否为一项适当的政策措施? (6)若每一单位污染物造成社会成本高於$1，例如提高为$2.3，试问较适当的政策是禁 止生产或课税?(请以社会剩余的变动回答) -- 肝不好 ▁▁ ● ◤ 肝若好 人生是黑白的 ▏ ◤ 考卷是空白的 ▏ ◤ 、 ﹐ ● ●b 囧 ▎ ●> ● ◤ ▌ ﹍﹍ ０ ▊囧＞ 干... ▲ ■┘ ■ ▎ ■ █◤ ▌ ㄏ▋ ︶■ 〈﹀ ∥ ▁▁∥ ▎ ﹀〉◤ ▋ ▊ 〈\ ψcockroach727 --

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