课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰张清溪 开课学院：社科院+管院 开课系所︰经济系、财金系、国企系 考试日期（年月日）︰99/10/11 考试时限（分钟）：60 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一、选择题(50%，每题5分) 1. 下列哪一个观念不能单独以生产可能线来说明的? a. 机会成本 b. 稀少性 c. 均衡价格 d. 经济发展 2. 小李的一块土地可以分别生产稻米、水果与蔬菜。生产稻米最有利，可获得一万公 斤，其次是生产水果，可获得二万公斤，再其次才是蔬菜，可获五千公斤。假设他 选择了生产蔬菜，则机会成本是? a. 五千公斤蔬菜 b. 二万公斤水果 c. 一万公斤稻米 d. 一万公斤稻米加两万公斤水果 3. Suppose an economy produces two goods, food and machine. This economy always operates on its production possibilities frontier. Last year, it produced 50 units of food and 30 machines. This yesr, it is producing 55 units and 33 machines. Which of the following events could not explain the increase in output? a. an improvement in technology b. an increase in available labor c. a reduction in unemployment d. Any of these events could explain the increase in output. 4. The production possibilities frontier illustrates a. the trade-off between efficiency and equality. b. the combination of output that each member of society should consume. c. the combination of output that an economy should produce. d. None of the above is correct. 5. Which of the following might cause the demand curve for a normal good to shift to the left? a. an increase in income b. an increase in the price of a subtitute c. an increase in the price of a complement d. None of the above is correct. 6. An increase in the price of a good will a. increase demand. b. decrease demand. c. increase quantity demanded. d. decrease quantity demanded. 7. What will happen in the rice market now if sellers expect higher rice prices in the near future? a. The supply of rice will increase. b. The supply of rice will decrease. c. The supply of rice will be unaffected. d. The demand for rice will decrease. 8. A positive economic statement such as "Pollution taxes decrease the quantity of pollution generated by firms" a. would likely be made by an economist acting as a policy advisor. b. would require values and data in order to be evaluated. c. would require data but not values in order to be evaluated. d. could not be evaluated by economists acting as scientists. 9. What will happen to the equilibrium price of new textbooks if more students attend college, paper becomes cheaper, textbook authors accept lower royalties(版权), and fewer used textbooks are sold? a. Price will rise. b. Price will fall. c. Price will stay exactly the same. d. The price change will be ambiguous. 10. Suppose the government has imposed a price ceiling on cellular phones. Which of the following events could transform the price ceiling from one that is not binding? a. Cellular phones become more popular. b. Tranditional land line phones become more expensive. c. A technological advance makes cellular phone production less expensive. d. The components used to produce cellular phones become more expensive. 二、问答题(50%) 1.下表为小芳与大华在一周内分别可以生产的最大商品数量。请根据下表回答以下问题。 木材 食物 小芳 4 8 大华 3 2 1) 小芳与大华多生产一单位实务的机会成本为合?(5%) 2) 生产木材与食物谁具有绝对利益?(5%) 3) 两者应该专业化分工生产何种商品? 请问你是根据何种原则?(5%) 4) 两商品的价格(或交换比例)至少应该落在哪个区间，两人才愿意进行专业化生产?(5%) 2.请判断下列因素会引起需求(量)的改变，或是供给(量)的改变，并且画出变动的方向。 1) 草莓果酱与葡萄果酱两种商品互为替代，草莓果酱价格的暴跌将导致民众减少葡萄 果酱的使用。(请同时画草莓果酱以及葡萄果酱的需求(量)或供给(量)的变动)。(5%) 2) 景气不好，各大公司都在裁员。(5%) 3.假设一个荒岛上住着两个人：一个是鲁夫(R)，另一个是乔巴(J)。假设这两个人对於 椰子(Q)的需求函数如下： P = 10 - QR P = 4 - 0.5‧QJ 1) 请你用数学式与图形，表示「市场需求」。(10%) 2) 假设荒岛上住着一群食人族，他们善於生产椰子，他们对於椰子的供给函数为： P = Q - 6。 请用数学式与图形解出市场均衡。(10%) --

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