课程名称︰热传学 课程性质︰系定必修 课程教师︰马小康 开课学院：工学院 开课系所︰机械系 考试日期（年月日）︰ 2010/01/15 考试时限（分钟）：110min 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : Problem(1) (10%) Using a cylinder, a sphere, and a cubic as examples. Show that the rate of heat transfer is inversely proportional to the nominal size of the object. That is, heat transfer per unit area increases as the size of the object decreases. (图为一圆柱、一球体跟一正方体) 圆柱的 A/V = 2/r , 球体的 A/V = 3/r , 正方体的 A/V = 6/r Problem(2) (20%) A plate fin exchanger surface can be considered as a series of flat plates as shown below. Various alternatives have been proposed for increasing the present value of the average heat transfer coefficient h0, and the overall conductance, (h0A). Determine whether the ratios (h/h0) and (hA)/(h0A0) increase, decrease, remain the same or are indeterminate when the indicated changes are made. Assume all dimensions are large compared to the boundary layer thickness. ├→ Ｗ　 ←┤ Side view: ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ┬ 　　　　／ ／▏ ↓ 　　　／ ／ ▏ ┌─────────┐ 　　／ ／ ▏ │ ─── │ ／ ／ 　 ▏ Ｈ │─── ───│↓ ／▁▁▁▁▁▁／ 　 ▏ │ L ─── │Ａ ▏ ▁▁▁▁▁▏ 　 ▏ ↑ │─── ───│↑ ▏／ 　　　 ▏ 　 ▏ ┴ │ ─── │ ▏▇▇▇▇▇▇▏ 　 ／ │─── ───│ ▏／▇▇▇▇▇▏　 ／ └─────────┘ ▏▇▇▇▇▇▇▏ ／ (L为fin的长度) ▏／▇▇▇▇▇▏／ (A为fin之间的间隔) ▏▇▇▇▇▇▇▏ Number of fins : N ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Ub = Ubulk = 空气流入的速度 change (h/h0) (hA)/(h0A0) L to 2L ─── ─── L to 2L and N to 2N ─── ─── a to a/2 and N to 2N ─── ─── W to W/2 and H to H/2 ─── ─── Ub to 2Ub, L to 2L and N to N/2 ─── ─── *use S: Same or I: Increase or D: Decrease Problem(3) (20%) A fluid flows at a rate m between parallel plates spaced a distance w apart. There is a uniform heat flux q0 from the top plate into the fluid, and the bottom plate is adiabatic. There are two flow conditions that differ only by flow regime. A: Laminar flow B: Turbulent flow (a) Sketch the mean temperature (Tm) and upper wall temperature (T0) as a function of distance and label clearly Tm and T0 for laminar flow (A) and turbulent flow (B). (Te) is the entrance fluid flow temperature. │ 　　│ │ 　　│ │ 　　│ Te│ 　　│ │ 　　│ │　　　　　　　　　│ └─────────┘ 　　　　　　　　　　　　0 x L (b) Sketch carefully the temperature profiles at X = L and label clearly which is A and B. . q0 ───┼── ┬───────────────── ↑ │ m │ →　　　　ｗ │ Flow │ Te ↓ │↙ ────── ┴───────────────── /////// x=0 → T Problem(4) (10%) A thermal couple is used to measure the fluid flow temperature with or without the radiation shield. (a) Which one has a higher thermal couple reading? (b) Please explain the reasons. Problem(5) (15%) A shell-and tube heat exchanger with 2-shell passes and 12-tube passes is used to hear water (Cp = 4180 J/kgC) with ethylene glycol (Cp = 2680 J/kgC). Water enters the tube at 22℃ at a rate of 0.8 kg/s and leaves at 70℃. Ethylene glycol enters the shell at 110℃ and leaves at 60℃. If the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the tube side is 280 W/m^2℃, determine the rate of heat transfer and the heat transfer surface area on the tube side. ↓ Ethlyne 110℃ ┌┐ ││ │└─────────┐ 70℃ ← ══╪═════════╗│ │╔════════╝│ └╫───────┐ │ ┌╫───────┘ │ Water │╚════════╗│ 22℃ → ══╪═════════╝│ 0.8 kg/s │┌─────────┘ ││ └┘ ↓ 60℃ Problem(6) (15%) [Textbook problem 10-91] You have probably noticed that water vapor that condenses on a canned drink slides down, clearing the surface for further condensation. Therefore, condensation in this case can be considered to be dropwise. Determine the condensation heat transfer coefficient on a cold canned drink at 2℃ that is placed in a large container filled with saturated steam at 95℃ (Table A-9). Assumptions: The heat transfer coefficient relation for dropwise condensation that was developed for copper surfaces is also applicable for aluminum surfaces. Problem(7) (20%) [Textbook problem 9-56] A 15-cm-wide and 18-cm-high vertical hot surface in 25℃ air is to be cooled by a heat sink with equally spaced fins of rectangular profiles. Determine the optimum fin height and the rate of heat transfer by natural convection from the heat sink if the base temperature is 85℃. The criteria for optimum fin height H in the literature is given by H = (h*Ac / p*k)^0.5 Take the thermal conductivity of fin materials to be 177 w/mC. Assumptions: 1. Steady operating conditions exist. 2. Air is an ideal gas with constant proterties. 3. The atmospheric pressure at that location is 1 atm. 　　＼├→ W=15cm ←┤ ↙ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ┬ 　　 ▉　 　 ／▏ ／▏ ／▏ ／▏　　▏↓ Ｈ 　 ▉　　／ ▏ ／ ▏ ／ ▏ ／ ▏　　▏ 　　 ▉　／　　▏／　　▏／　　▏／　　▏　　▏ ↗ 　　 ▉／　　　／　　　／　　　／　　　▏　　▏ L = 18cm ＼ 　　 ／　　 ／　　　／　　　／　　　 ▏　　▏ ▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　　▏　　▏ ▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　　▏ ▏ ▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　　▏ ▏↑ ▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　▏　　　／▇▇▇ ┴ ▏　　／▏　　／▏　　／▏　　／ ▏　／　▏　／　▏　／　▏　／↖ 　　 　　▏／ ▏／ ▏／　　▏／ 85℃ ▉／ ▉／ ▉／ ▉／ ├→Ｓ←┤ T∞ = 25℃ --

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