课程名称︰海洋生命科学 课程性质︰一般选修 课程教师︰曾万年 开课学院：生命科学院 开课系所︰生命科学系 考试日期（年月日）︰99.06.25(五) 考试时限（分钟）：110 minutes 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : Single choice (3 points each, 45%) 1.An example of community is A.one giant kelp individual. B.a kelp forest plus all of the physical factors affecting it. C.all physical factors affecting a kelp forest. D.a kelp forest plus all organisms living in it. E.several giant kelp individuals living in one particular area. 2.Competitive exclusion can be best defined by which of the following? A.When one species overcompetes and eliminates another B.The creation of a seperate ecological niche by a new species C.The division of resources D.When one species shares limiting resources with another E.When competition results in the elimination of particular limiting resources 3.The amount of chlorophyll in the water is a direct estimate of A.primary production. B.respiration. C.standing stock of phytoplankton. D.oxygen utilization. E.release of nutrients. 4.Most sessile animals living on rocky shores are A.deposit feeders. B.carnivores. C.detritus feeders. D.filter feeders. E.grazers. 5.Which one of these organisms is typically a very rare component of soft-bottom intertidal communities? A.Burrowing organisms B.Detritus feeders C.Seaweeds D.Infauna E.Deposit feeders 6.Regarding the origin of rocky coasts, it is known that this type of shore is present along A.geologically young coasts. B.coasts with high accumulation of sediments. C.coasts along the mouth of large rivers. D.geologically old coasts being covered by sediments. E.coasts being affected by ice sheets. 7.Osmoconformers survive changes in salinity by A.maintaining the salinity of their body fluids constantly. B.moving up and down the water column in order to spend most of the day in the salt wedge. C.pumping water in as salinity decreases. D.allowing the salinity of their body fluids to vary with that of the surrounding water. E.increasing the amounts of salts in their body fluids no matter what the salinity of the surrounding water is. 8.An example of a deposit feeder on mud flats A.mud snails. B.birds that feed on worms. C.clams. D.sulfur bacteria. E.worms that feed on other worms. 9.Outwelling in estuaries is most important since it A.maintains high primary production. B.provides living space to many species. C.releases much oxygen. D.provides food and nutrients to other communities. E.allows plants to survive despite wide flunctuations in salinity. 10.The distribution of the infauna among soft-bottom subtidal communities is often closely related to A.temporature. B.particle size of sediment. C.salinity. D.distribution of seaweeds. E.light. 11.Sea otters are known to affect the development of giant kelp forest by A.helping in the dispersion of spores. B.removing competing seaweeds. C.feeding on carnivorous fishes. D.feeding on grazing sea urchins. E.releasing nutrients present in feces and urine. 12.Primary production is very high in coral reefs but low in surrounding waters.One reason for this is that A.coralline algae and other algae are very abundant. B.there is abundant carbon dioxide in coral reefs. C.nutrients are efficiently recycled. D.zooxanthellae increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. E.turf algae release nutrients. 13.Planula is the name given to A.the coral polyp. B.zooxanthellae. C.corals that do not build reefs. D.coral larvae. E.the coral skeleton. 14.Sources of food and other essential nutrients for corals include all of the following except A.nutrients released by zooxanthellae. B.calcium carbonate from shells. C.dissolved organic matter(DOM) from the water. D.zooplankton captured by the tentacles. E.capture of food using mesenterial filaments. 15.Reef-building corals grow only in shallow water because A.salinity varies less in shallow water. B.zooxanthellae need light for photosynthesis. C.calcium carbonate is only available in shallow water. D.nutrients concentrate in shallow water. E.shallow water contains more dissolved organic matter(DOM). 简答题(每题五分) 1.请问控制潮间带上段、中段与下段之生物种类及分布得主要因子为何? 并对潮间带生物如何适应这些因子各举一例。 2.试会图比较热带、温代及极区之基础生产力的季节性变动，并说明影响季节性 变动的限制因子之作用机制。 3.试以图解方式说明Wonderful net在高速游泳性鱼类的体温调节机制，并以图示来 比较红肌及白肌纤维对快速游泳鱼类的泳速贡献之差异性。 4.何谓生物环(microbial loop)? 5.试以Ekman transport说明沿岸涌升及赤道涌升之机制。 6.何谓深海散射层(deep scattering layer, DSL)? 7.试列举mesopelagic fishes的特徵及体色适应机制。 8.试以淡水和海洋的基础生产力(primary productivity)之纬度变化，来说明溯河 回游性鱼类(鲑鱼)及降海洄游性鱼类(鳗鱼)的回游性模式之异曲同工之妙。 9.试举例说明耳石的构造及生态应用。 10.你相信鳗鱼的性别是後天决定型的吗?如果是的话，其性别的决定机制又是如何? 11.鳗鱼的一生，其形态及体色为什麽要改变，这些改变和ˋ回游过程及环境适应有 什麽关系? --

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