课程名称︰经济学原理与实习二 课程性质︰必修兼通识A5 课程教师︰林明仁 开课学院：社科院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰2010.6.25 考试时限（分钟）：180 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 总分:105分 一、选择题(每题皆须附上说明，否则不予计分) (40points) 1.Suppose you are covered under health insurance, and you are insured against all or most of the costs of visits to the doctor. As a result you are likely to make greater use of medical services of all kinds. This tendency of people with insurance to change their behavior in a way that leads to more claims against the insurance company is called a.adverse selection. b.moral hazard. c.screening. d.signaling. 2.In 2008 real GDP in Lakers was 800 billion and the population was 4 million. In 2009 real GDP was 968 billion and the population was 4.4 million. What was the approximate growth rate of real GDP per person? a.10 percent b.14 percent c.17 percent d.21 percent Shirokin Banking Statistics The Monetary Policy of Shirokin is controlled by the country's central bank known as the Central Bank of Shirokin. The local unit of currency is the Shero. Aggregate banking statistics show that collectively the banks of Shirokin hold 300 million Sheroes of required reserves, 75 million Sheroes of required reserves, 75 million Sheroes of excess reserves, have issued 7,500 million Sheroes of deposits, and hold 225 million Sheroes of Shirokin's Treasury bonds. Shirokinese profer to use only demand deposits and so all currency is on deposit at the bank. 3.Refer to Shirokin Banking Statistics. Assuming the only other thing Shirokin banks have on their balance sheets is loans, what is the valuee of existing loans made by Shirokin banks? a.6,900 million b.7,125 million c.7,200 million d.7,350 million 4.Refer to Shirokin Banking Statistics. Suppose that the Central Bank of Shirokin changes the reserve requirement ratio to 3%. Assuming that the banks still want to hold the same percentage of excess reserves, what is the value of the money supply after the change in the reserve requirement ratio? a.9,375 million b.10,000 million c.12,500 million d.12,750 million 5.When the money market is drawn with the value of money on the vertical axis, if the price level is lower than the equilibrium level, there is an a.excess demand for money, so the price level will rise. b.excess demand for money, so the price level will fall. c.excess supply of money, so the price level will rise. d.excess supply of money, so the price level will fall. 6.The country of Hogwarts has a tax system identical to that of the United Kingdom. Suppose some witch in Hogwarts bought a wand with rare feather for 5,000 galleon(the local currency) in 1974 when the price index equaled 100. In 2008, the witch sold the wand for 50,000 galleon, and the price index equaled 500. The tax rate on real capital gains was 20%. Compute the taxes the witch paid on the real gain and the change in the real value of the wand in terms of 2008 oruces ti fubd tge after-tax real capital gain. a.$45,000 b.$25,000 c.$20,000 d.$6,400 7.Jill(American0 uses some Euros to purchase a bond issued by a French vineyard . This exchange a.increases U.S. net capital outflow by more that the value of the bond. b.increases U.S. net capital outflow by the value of the bond. c.does not change U.S. net capital outflow. d.decreases U.S. net capital outflow. 8.Considering the relationship between price level and aggregate quantity of output. Other things the same, a decrease in the price level causes real wealth to a.fall, interest rates to fall, and the dollar to appreciate. b.fall, interest rates to rise, and the dollar to depreciate. c.rise, interest rates to rise, and the dollar to appreciate. d.rise, interest rates to fall, and the dollar to depreceate. 9.If y = k^(1/2), there is no population growth or technological progress, the country saves 20 percent of its output each year and the steady-state level of capital per worker is 4, then the steady-state levels of output per worker and consumption per worker are: a.2 and 1.6, respectively b.2 and 1.8, respectively c.4 and 3.2, respectively d.4 and 3.6, respectively 10.According to liquidity preference theory, an increase in money demand for some reason other than a change in the price level causes a.the interest rate to fall so aggregate demand shifts right. b.the interest rate to fall so aggregate demand shifts left. c.the interest rate to rise so aggregate demand shifts right. d.the interest rate to rise so aggregate demand shifts left. 二、简答题(Short Questions)(25 points) 请用经济学评论以下的观点。(请勿长篇大论) 1.(10 points)Please explain a.(5 points)Why the Aggregate-Demand Curve slopes downward. b.(5 points)Why the Aggregate-Supply Curve slopes upward in the short run and vertical in the long run. 2.(5 points)请描述寓言故事「绿野仙踪」的政治意涵以及与货币政策的关联。 3.(5 points)请说明何谓「Asymmetric information」并举例说明可能产生的两种问题。 4.(5 points)马尔萨斯人口被认为是「忧郁的科学」，请求出以下条件之下经济体系的 均衡薪资与人口数量。(L为人口数，wage为薪资) wage - P x MPL, Y = F(L) = 3 +18L +L^2, P = 1 (delta L)/L = h(w) = 3w-12, w = wage 三、计算题(Calculations)(40 points) 1.(12 points)国际收支与货币乘数 2010年第一季我国出口量回升，贸易余额大於0，出口商为了进行再投资，将等值新台币 1,200万元的外币在外汇市场结售为新台币，请问: a.(4 points)此举对於新台币对外币的汇率有何影响?净资本流出(NCO)增加还是减少? b.(2 points)央行的政策之一是维持新台币币值的稳定，所以央行看到a.小题中币值的 变化後，会在外汇市场采取什麽行动? c.(2 points)出口商将兑换到的新台币1,200万元全数存入银行的活期存款帐户。若法定 准备率为20%，银行仅保有法定准备金，其余全部贷放出去，请问最终社会的话币供给 量最多会改变多少? d.(2 points)c.小题的结果对国内物价有何影响? e.(2 points)央行的另一个政策是维持国内物价的稳定，请举出一个可行的办法来消除 d.小题物价的变化。 2.(10 points)经济成长 100年前的大理国是个封闭的国家，农业技术仅维持祖先流传下来的耕作方法，人口 (劳动投入)成长率为3%，假设生产函数为Cobb-Douglas: Y = F(K,L) = AK^B L^(1-B) 其中，K为耕地面积，L为劳动投入，B为0.4。假设农家施肥仅能维持K不变，请问: a.(3 points)100年前大理国的经济成长率是多少? b.(4 points)大理国王开放与桃花岛往来，农民习得新的耕作与施肥法，农耕技术开始 每年以3%的速度进步，若大理国王想要达到劳动生产力每年成长4%的目标，请问K/L 的成长率为何? c.(3 points)在b.小题的成长率之下，想要达到产出为双倍的目标，需花几年的时间? (ln2=0.69, ln1.07=0.068, ln10.7=2.37, ln1.7=0.53) 3.(12 points)Solow成长模型 假设劳动投入L为固定(人口不成长)，' 经济体系达到恒定状态时，sF(K*,L)=δK*。 上式中，s为储蓄率，δ为折旧率 若生产函数为Cobb-Douglas: Y = F(K,L) = AK^a L^(1-a) 其中，A为固定函数，且生产函数符合固定规模报酬，0<a<1。 a.(4 points)请导出在恒定状态时之K*与Y*值。 b.(3 points)在恒定状态时，请问净投资、毛投资、消费之值为何? c.(5 points)若人口以每年n%的速度成长，请问恒定状态之劳动生产力y*为何? 4.(6 points)购买力平价 野田妹从巴黎赶往布拉格听音乐会的途中，发现同一本月普在巴黎卖100欧元，在捷克卖 1400克朗，而两种币别之间的汇率是1欧元换28克朗。 a.(3 points)请问野田妹该如何利用听音乐会往返巴黎与布拉格的机会，赚取额外的利 润?一本乐谱的利润有多少(以欧元表示)? b.(3 points)若两国只有这一个货品可做交易，根据购买力平价理论，名目汇率该 如何调整? 祝大家暑期愉快 --

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