课程名称︰经济学原理与实习一 课程性质︰必修兼A5通识 课程教师︰林明仁 开课学院：社科院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰2010/1/15 考试时限（分钟）：180 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一、选择题(每题皆须附上说明，否则不予计分) (40 points) 1.In a competitive market, a production function can be characterized by the following equation: Q=50+20L, where Q is output per hour and L is labor per hour. If workers earn $15 per hour , what is the marginal cost of the 10th unit of output? a.$1.33 b.$0.75 c.$300 d.$20 2.For Firm A, when four units of output are produced, the total cost is $175 and the average variable cost $33.75. What would the average fixed cost be if ten units were produced? a.$4 b.$10 c.$40 d.$135 3.A competitive market is in long-run equilibrium. If demand decreases, we can be cetain that price will a.fall in the short run. All firms will shut down and some of them will exit the industry. Price will then rise to reach the new long-run equilibrium. b.fall in the short run. No firms will shut down, but some of them will exit the industry. Price will then rise to reach the new long-run equilibrium. c.fall in the short run. All, some, or no firms will shut down, and then some of them will exit the industry. Price will then rise to reach the new long-run equilibrium. d.not fall in the short run because firms will exit to maintain the price. 4.Avatar Company uses two factors K and L to produce their product, the firm's present production information is as following:marginal product of K=5, price of K=$10;marginal product of K=3 and price of L=$6. Assume the firm is at its profit-maximized output level and market structure is competitive market, then the marginal revenue (MR) faced by Avatar is a.$2 b.$0.5 c.$4 d.$0 5.The supply curve for the monopolist a.is the marginal cost curve above average total cost. b.is the marginal cost curve above average variable cost. c.is the positively sloped portion of the marginal revenue curve. d.does not exist. 6.Winnie and Nemo are competitors in a local market and each is trying to decide if it is worthwhile to advertise. If both of them advertise, each will earn a profit of $5000. If neither of them advertise, each will earn a profit of $10000. If one advertises and the other doesn't, then the one who advertises will earn a profit of $12000 and the other will earn $2000. In this version of the prisoner's dilemma, if the game is played only once, Winnie should a.advertise, but if the game is to be repeated many times she should probably not advertise. b.advertise, and if the game is to be repeated many times she should still probably advertise. c.not advertise, but if the game is to be repeated many times she should probably advertise. d.not advertise, and if the game is to be repeated many times she should still not advertise. 7.A monopolistically competitive firm faces the following demand curve for its product: Price($) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Quantity 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 The firm has total fixed costs of $40 and a constant marginal cost of $2 per unit. We can conclude that a.firms will exit this market. b.firms will enter this market. c.this market is in long-run equilibrium. d.this firm is operating at efficient scale. 8.Suppose for some firm that average total cost is minimized at Q1 units of output. For a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium, Q1 a.is also the level of output at which marginal cost equals average total cost. b.exceeds the level of output at which there is a point or tangency between the demand curve and the average total cost curve. c.exceeds the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost d.All of the above are correct. 9.Nemedia and Aquilonia have just started to trade with each other.Nemedia exports goods produced with skilled labor and imports goods made with unskilled labor from Aquilonia. Over time, we would expect that the wages of skilled labor in Nemedia will a.rise, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will fall. b.fall, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will rise. c.rise, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will rise. d.fall, and the wages of unskilled labor in Nemedia will fall. 10.Both Jake and Rose are police officers. Jake is a patrolman, and Rose is a detective. Jake's job is inherently more dangerous tha Rose's. Rose has passed a difficult exam in order to be promoted to detective. Rose earns more than Jake. This is likely because a.of a compensating differential. b.of handsome face. c.of sexual discrimination. d.Rose has more human capital. 二、简答与计算题(Calculations)(60 points) 1.(5 points)请说明何谓「善良撒玛利亚人的矛盾」以及从经济学的观点如何解决这个 矛盾。 2.(5 points)请证明厂商的边际曲线(MC)会通过平均成本(ATC)的最低点。 3.(15 points) 假设Facebook上有100家提供农场游戏的供应商，每家厂商生产游戏的成本函数均为 TC=40.8+5q+0.1q^2，市场上对游戏的总需求为Q=7500-500P a.(6 points)若为完全竞争市场，且这100家厂商生产的游戏都相同，请问市场价格 以及各厂商的产量为何 b.(4 points)请问a小题是否处於长期平衡?厂商有利润还是亏损? c.(5 points)若这100家厂商生产的农场游戏品质不完全相等，有些是开心农场，有些 是黑心农场，每家厂商所面对的需求函数为Q=A-500P，请求出A的值。 4.(15 points) 假设蟹堡王与汉堡王是校园中仅有的两家速食店，生产同品质的商品，市场需求曲线为: P=100-(q1+q2)，P为价格，而q1与q2分别是蟹堡王与汉堡王的产量。两家厂商的边际 成本与平均成本均为10。 a.(4 points)若两家联合形成Cartel，请找出Cartel之下的市场价格与个别产量。 b.(2 points)请问a小题的结果是否可成为有效的协议?请说明理由。 c.(2 points)若蟹堡王与汉堡王各自为政，请分别写出两家厂商的利润函数。 d.(2 points)(承b小题)请找出蟹堡王与汉堡王利润极大化的一阶条件(First order condition) e.(5 points)c小题求出的一阶条件在经济学上称为寡占厂商的反应函数，代表依据对 手的策略而调整自己的策略。根据两厂商的反应函数可求得两家速食店最适当的产量 。请找出两家速食店的产量(q1与q2)、市场价格以及个别店家的利润。 5.(10 points) Suppose there are two computer operation system producer in the market: Macrosoft & Abble. Both of them can produce two type operation systems: W and M, and their expected profit as following table: Macrosoft W M ┌────┬────┐ W │(20,20) │(40,60) │　　　　 Abble ├────┼────┤ M │(50,35) │(30,30) │ └────┴────┘ a.(2 points)Please find Nash Equilibrium. b.(4 points)If Macrosoft moves first and then Abble follows, Abble knows Macrosoft's decision. Please draw a Game Tree to describe this situation. What will be the likely outcome? c.(4 points)What will be the answer if Abble moves first? 6.(10 points) Apple&Orange Company uses capital(K)and labor(L) to produce magic juice according to the production function Q=12LK-L^2, and market demand for juice is given by Q=100-P. a.(5 points)If K=K'=4 and P=10 in competitive commodity market, please find firm's labor demand curve(Hint: Wage=VMPL). b.(5 points)If commodity market becomes monopoly, what's the firm's labor demand function? -- 心中有变数，就不用变数代换法 --

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