课程名称︰地球的奥秘 课程性质︰通识课程 课程教师︰卢佳遇 开课学院：理学院 开课系所︰地质系 考试日期（年月日）︰2009.11.10 考试时限（分钟）：120分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 地球的奥秘02班期中考 ※ 选择题请直接於题目卷上作答，问答题请於答案卷上作答。 ※ 考试结束後请将此题目卷与答案卷一同缴交。 选择题 每题2分 (请直接作答於题目卷上) 1.The most abundant minerals belong to chemical group termed the _____. (自然界中最丰富的矿物属於以下何类？) A. oxides(氧化物) B. halides(盐类) C. silicates(矽酸盐类) D. carbonates(碳酸盐类) 2.A lighr year(光年) is a unit that measures _______. (光年是下列何项物理量的单位？) A. time(时间) B. mass(质量) C. distance(距离) D.luminous intensity(光度) 3.Moving into interior of Earth, temperture ________. (往地球内部前进，以下何种情况属实？) A. and pressure both increase(温度与压力皆升高) B. and pressure both decrease(温度与压力皆减小) C. increase, but pressure stays nearly the same(温度增加，但压力减小) D. remains remarkably sonstant, but pressure increases(温度恒定，压力增加) 4.Comets are primarily a mixture of _______. (彗星主要是由以下哪两种物质所组成？) A. rocks and metal(岩石与金属) B. liquid water and water ice(液态水与冰) C. ice and dust(冰与微尘) D. ice on the outside with a metallic core(冰包覆於金属核心) 5.Pillow lavas are associated with _______. (枕状熔岩源因於何种火山作用？) A. continental rhyolitic eruptions(陆上流纹岩质火山喷发) B. continental basaltic eruptions(陆上玄武岩质火山喷发) C. submarine rhyolitic eruptions(海中流纹岩质火山喷发) D. submarine basalitic eruptions(海中玄武岩火山喷发) 6.The first terrestrial vertebrates(with an amphibian life cycle) are represented by fossils that ________ in age. (化石记录中，脊椎动物在以下何时期的晚期以两栖生活型态登陆？) A.Triassic(三叠纪) B.Permian(二叠纪) C.Devonian(泥盆纪) D.Cambrian(寒武纪) 7.The Cambrian explosion not only produced an abundance of new animal species but also gave rise to first shells, spines, and active swimmers. This suggests the important influence of ______ in driving evolution. (寒武纪生物大爆发时出现大量新种动物，特别是具有壳体、尖刺、自主移动游泳 的动物初次出现，指示了以下何种因素开始对动物演化有重要影响？) A. photosynthetic organisms(光合生物) B. atmospheric oxygen(大气中的氧气) C. carnivorous predators(掠食者) D. filter-feeding organisms(滤食者) 8.Mid-ocean ridges are ____________.(中洋脊为？) A. convergent plate boundaries(聚合型板块边界) B. divergent plate boundaries(分离型板块边界) C. transform plate boundaries(平移型板块边界) D. not plate boundaries(并非板块边界) 9.Iceland rises above the Atlantic Ocean as a result of ________. (冰岛是因位於何种地体构造下的火山活动，使其能生成且累积大量火山物质 而隆起於大西洋的海面上？) A. subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate (海洋地壳隐没於欧亚大陆下所产生的火成活动) B. normal mid-ocean ridge activity(一般中洋脊火成活动) C. a submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate (海底板块内热点活动) D. a submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge (位处於中洋脊的热点活动) 10.Deep oceanic trenches are features of _______ plate boundaries. A. transform(平移型) B. divergent(分离型) C. convergent(聚合型) D. not plate boundaries(并非板块边界) 11.The first mammals appeared during the _______ period.(哺乳动物最早出现於？) A.Permian(二叠纪)B.Triassic(三叠纪)C.Jurassic(侏罗纪)D.Cretaceous(白垩纪) 12.The two most common elements in the crust of are _______. (地球的地壳中最主要的两种元素为？) A. magnesium and manganese(镁与锰) B. oxygen and silicon(氧与矽) C. iron and calcium(铁与钙) D. oxygen and hydrogen(氧与氢) 13.If a continental rift successfully breaks a single continent into two discrete pieces, the former rift valley becomes a _______. (当一大陆型裂谷将其所在的大陆完全分割成两个分离的大陆地壳块体， 他会发育成为以下何种地体构造？) A. subduction zone(隐没带) B. mid-ocean ridge(中洋脊) C. transform fault zone(转型断层带) D. hot.spot(热点火山) 14.The Miocene epoch saw the spread of which new vegetative zone? A. grasslands(草原) B. angiosperm(被子植物森林) C. gymnosperm(裸子植物森林) D. tree fern forests(树蕨森林) 15.Natural glass is not considered a mineral because it ________. (天然玻璃不是矿物是因为？) A. is not homogenous(并不均质) B. is organic(属於有机物) C. does not have fixed crystalline structure(不具备固定的结晶结构) D. can be made synthetically as well as being a naturally occurring substance (可自然型成也可人工合成) 16.A fast moving flow consisting of a mixture of water and pyroclastic debris is termed a __________. (火山喷发後水与火山碎屑物质混合型成的高速流体称为？) A. lahar(火山灰流) B. glowing avalanche(火山灰流) C. flood basalt(洪流玄武岩) D. stratovolcano(层状火山) 17.Large, thick, non-volcanic mountain belts, like the Himalayas are features associated with ________ plate boundaries. (如喜马拉雅山等大型非火山的山脉属於何种板块边界的特徵？) A. convergent(聚合型) B. divergent(分离型) C. transform(平移型) D. not plate boundaries(并非板块边界) 18.Hawaii is an example of a _________.(夏威夷属於以下哪种板块环境产物？) A. hot-spot volcanism(热点火山作用) B. mid-ocean ridge volcanism(中洋脊火山作用) C. volcanic island arc(火山岛弧) D. transform margin(平移型大陆边缘) 19.Earth's surface is protested from solar wind cosmic radiation by _______. (以下哪项保护地球表面免於太阳风与宇宙射线的照射侵害？) A. a powerful stream of ions emitted by the Sun(自太阳发出的强力离子流) B. a large, metallic shield launched into orbit by NASA in the 1960s (美国太空总署於六零年代安装於太空轨道中的金属保护盾) C. Earth's magenetic field(地球的地磁场) D. Earth;s gravitational field(地球的重力场) 20.Whether an eruption will primarily produce lava flowa or pyroclastic debris is generally not in fluenceed by __________. (火山喷发时主要产生熔岩流或是火山碎屑，并不取决於以下何项因素？) A. the viscosity of the lava(熔岩的黏滞性) B. the composition of the lava(熔岩的成份) C. the proportion of volatiles within the lava(熔岩中的挥发物/气体含量) D. weather when eruption takes place(喷发时的天气状况) 21.Which of the following does NOT comprise a mineral or minerals? (下列何项并非矿物？) A. grains of quartz on a beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (巴西里约沙滩上的石英砂) B. industrial quality diamonds produced in a laboratory (实验室中合成的工业级钻石) C. sulfur precipitates around volcanic degassing crevices (火山喷气孔沉淀的硫晶体) D. ice within a glacier on the continent of Antarctica (南极冰川中的冰) 22.Caves are carved by groundwaters that contain a solution of _________. (溶洞是由含有下列何种溶解物质的地下水所切割穿凿而成？) A.hydrofluoric acid(氢氟酸) B.hydrochloric acid(盐酸) C.carbonic acid(碳酸) D.sulfuric acid(硫酸) 23.Gases that are abundantly emitted by volcanoes include _________. (火山喷发的气体主要为哪些？) A. water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (水蒸气、二氧化碳、二氧化硫) B. oxygen, ozone, and water vapor(氧气、臭氧、水蒸气) C. oxygen, hydrogen, and neon(氧气、氢气、氖气) D. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen(二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氧气) 24.Dinosaurs first appeared during the ________ period. (恐龙最早於何时代出现？) A.Cambrian(寒武纪) B.Devonian(泥盆纪) C.Permian(二叠纪) D.Triassic(三叠纪) 25.The majority of liquid fresh water within Earth exists in _________. (地球上大多数的液态淡水存在於何处？) A. atmospheric clouds(云) B. pores within rock and sediment(岩石与沉积物的孔隙中) C. rivers and streams(河川) D. lakes(湖泊) 26.Tectonic plates move at rates that are approximately __________. (地球上各板块之间的相对移动速率多在以下何种数值范围？) A. 1 to 5 cm every 1,000 years B. 1 to 15 cm/year C. 1 to 15 m/year D. 10 to 100 m/year 27.Cleavage in minerals refers to _______. (常用於辨认矿物种类、以及主控矿物材料机械性质的"矿物解理"是指矿物的何项特徵？) A. a tendency to break along planes of weakness (矿物沿着特定弱面破裂的倾向) B. the sharpness of edges between crystal faces (矿物结晶面之间夹角的锐利度) C. the development of distinct crystal faces (矿物特定结晶面的发育) D. a tendency to break in an irregular pattern (矿物不规则破裂的倾向) 28.The most abundant elements found in Earth’s rocks (such as oxygen, silicon, and iron) were formed by __________. (地球物质主要构成元素如氧、矽、铁等是经由什麽作用形成的？) A. fission reactions within stars(恒星内的核分裂作用) B. fusion reactions within stars(恒星内的核融合作用) C. direct precipitation from sea water(自海水中直接沉淀析出) D. formed during the Big Bang(大霹雳时形成) 29.The elevation of the water table __________.(地下水位的高度如何变化) A. always in random fluctuation not related either to drought rainy periods (随机变化，不受乾雨季影响) B. is a constant for a given area so long as the topography remains the same (对一特定地区，地形不改变时地下水位及恒定) C. may rise during times of drought and sink during rainy periods (在乾旱期上升，雨季下降) D. may rise during rainy periods and sink during droughts (在乾旱期下降，雨季上升) 30.Strong evidence that the Universe is expanding comes from the fact (宇宙膨胀的证据是来自远方星系的光谱具有何项特徵？) that the light emitted from distant galaxies appears to be __________. A. red shifted(红位移) B. blue shifted(蓝位移) C. green shifted(绿位移) D. amplification in the ultra-violet part of the spectra (紫外线部分光谱增强放大) 问答申论每题10分，可以中文或英文作答 1.Describe the three ways that mineral crystals can form. (请描述矿物结晶的三种形成方式。) 2.Describe the three different kinds of material that can erupt from a volcano.(请叙述火山爆发时所喷出的物质三种型态。) 3.What is the age of the oldest rocks on Earth? What is the age of the oldest rocks known? Why is there a difference? (地球上最老岩石的年龄是多少？现知最老的石头年龄是多少？) 　(两者之间的差异是什麽原因造成？) 4.As seen in the film "Earth Ride", the water cycle is operating everywhere on Earth, forming an intricate network in a delicate balance. How are modern human activities affecting the pathway and balance of the water cycle? List and describe three processes that are now intervened by human. (从"地球水之旅"影片中，我们了解到地球上的水循环是个无所不在且错综复杂的网络， 在各环节有着微妙而脆弱的平衡。请列出并描述三个水循环中为现在人类文明所影响的 作用环节。) --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 125.228.168.220 ※ 编辑: DragonTear 来自: 125.228.168.220 (01/15 20:57)