课程名称︰经济学原理与实习一 课程性质︰必修兼A5通识 课程教师︰骆明庆 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰98/11/16 考试时限（分钟）：110分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 一、单选题，回答正确选项即可，不需说明。每题3分，共45分。 1.For markets to work well, there must be (a) market power (b) a central planner (c) property rights (d) abundant, not scarce,resources. 2.Suppose an economy produces two goods, food and machines. This economy always operates on its production possibilities frontier. Last year, it produced 50 units of food and 30 machines. This year, it is producing 55 units of food and 33 machines. Which of the following events could not explain the increase in output? (a) a redution in unemployment (b) an increase in available labor (c) an improvement in technology (d) Any of these events could explain the increase in output. 3.Which of the following is an example of a normative, as opposed to positive, statements? (a) Universal health care would be good for U.S. citizens. (b) An increase in the cigarette tax would cause a decrease in the number of smokers. (c) A decrease in the minimum wage would decrease unemployment. (d) Higher gasoline prices will reduce gasoline consumption. 4.Suppose that a worker in Agland can produce either 10 units of organic grain or 15 units of incense per year, and a worker in Zenland can produce either 5 units of organic grain or 15 units of incense per year. There are 20 workers in Agland and 10 workers in Zenland. Currently the two countries do not trade. Agland produces and consumes 100 units of grain and 20 units of incense per year. Zenland produces and consumes 50 units of grain and no incense per year. If each country made the decision to specialize in producing the good in which it has a comparative advantage, then the combined yearly output of the two countries would increase by (a) 30 units of grain and 100 units of incense (b) 30 units of grain and 150 units of incense (c) 50 units of grain and 90 units of incense (d) 50 units of grain and 130 units of incense 5.What will happen to the equilibrium price of new textbooks if more students attend college, paper becomes cheaper, textbook authors accept lower royalties, and fewer used textbooks are sold? (a) Price will rise. (b) Price will fall. (c) Price will stay exactly the same. (d) The price change will be ambiguous. 6.If the price elasticity of demand for tuna is 0.7, then a 1.5% increase in the price of tuna will decrease the quantity demanded of tuna by (a) 1.05%,and tuna seller's total revenue will increase as a result. (b) 1.05%,and tuna seller's total revenue will decrease as a result. (c) 2.14%,and tuna seller's total revenue will increase as a result. (d) 2.14%,and tuna seller's total revenue will decrease as a result. 7.A binding price floor will reduce a firm's total revence (a) always. (b) when demand is elastic. (c) when demand is inelastic. (d) never. 8.Suppose your own demand curve for tomatoes slopes downward. Suppose also that, for the last tomato you bought this week, you paid a price exactly equal to your willingness to pay. Then (a) you should buy more tomatoes before the end of the week. (b) you already have bought too many tomatoes this week. (c) your consumer surplus on the last tomato you bought is zero. (d) tour consumer surplus on all of all of the tomatoes you have bought this week is zero. 9.Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee bean harvest would (a) increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market of tea. (b) increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market of tea. (c) decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market of tea. (d) decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market of tea. 10.A tax of $0.25 is imposed on each bag of potato chips that is sold. The tax decreases producer surplus by $600 per day, generates tax revenue of $1,220 per day, and decreases the equilibrium quantity of potato chips by 120 bags per days. The tax (a) decreases consumer surplus by $645 per day. (b) decreases the equilibrium quantity from 6,000 bags per day to 5,880 bags per day. (c) decreases total surplus from $3,000 to $1,800 per day. (d) creates a dadweight loss of $15 per day. 11.The before-trade price of fish in Denmark is $10.00 per pound. The world price of fish is $6.00 per pound. Denmark is a price-taker in the fish market. If Denmark begins to allow trade in fish, its consumers of fish will become (a) better off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off. (b) worse off, its producer of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off. (c) worse off,its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off. (d) better off, its produces of fish will become worse off,and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off. 12.Which of the following is true of markets characterized by positive externalities? (a) Social value exceeds private value, and market quantity exceeds the socially optimal quantity. (b) Social value is less than private value, and market quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. (c) Social value exceeds private value, and market quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity. (d) Social value seldom exceeds private value; therefore, socially optimal quantity is less than private quantity. 13.Which of the following statements is not correct? (a) Medical research can be an example of a public good. (b) The private market will tend to undersupply public goods. (c) The free-rider problem occurs when a good is nonexcludable. (d) All goods provided by the government are public goods. 14.Four firend decide to meet at a Chinese reataurant for dinner. They decided that each person will order an item off the menu, and they will share all dishes. They will split the cost od the final bill evenly among each of the people at the table. A tragedy of the Commons problem is likely for each of the following reasons except (a) each person has an incentive to eat as fast as possible since their individual rate of consumption will not affect their individual goods. (b) there is an externality associated with eating the food on the table. (c) when one person eats, he may not take into account how his choice affects his friends. (d) each dish would be both excludable and rival in con sumption. 15.Mike and Bob are both in the same enclosed hotel room. Mike assigns a $20 value to smoking his cigar. Bob values somke-free air at $10. Which of the following scenarios is a successful example of the Coase theorem? (a) Bob offers Mike $15 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not smoke. (b) Mike pays Bob $11 so that Mike can smoke his cigar. (c) Mike pays Bob $9 so that Mike can smoke his cigar. (d) Bob offers Mike $10 not to smoke his cigar. Mike accepts and does not somke. 二、非选择题，共55分。答题时请务必简要清楚，并适当说明你的想法，答案以能让阅卷 者了解为原则。 1.(10分)请回答以下问题。 (a)(5分)请由供给面和需求面分别说明，为什麽近年来世界各国等候器官移植的人越来越 多？ (b)(5分)澎湖县西屿乡有八个村，97学年度有国小学生378人，国小教师85人。请问西屿 乡有几所小学？ 2.(15分)我国国民对大学教育的需求为P=60-2Q，P和Q的单位分别为「万元」和「万人」。 假设大学教育的单位成本为固定的20万元，因此大学教育的供给为P=20的水平线。 请回答以下问题: (a)(4分)画出大学教育的供需图，并於图上标明均衡价格和均衡数量分别为何?均衡时社会 总剩余为多少？(提示:1万乘以1万等於1亿。) (b)(4分)我国大学教育的特性是政府同时制定学费和录取学生数。某个年代教育部规定大 学招生人数为3万人，学费为2万元，学费与固定成本之间的差额则由政府完全补贴。请 问，此时大学的录取率为何？(即实际就学人数占需求量的比例。)消费者剩余、政府补 贴、社会总剩余和绝对损失(deadweight loss)又分别为何？ (c)(4分)政府呼应人民「打开大学窄门」的要求，将招生人数增加为10万人，但继续采取 所谓的「低学费政策」，学费仍为2万元。请问，此时政府补贴、绝对损失、社会总剩 余和消费者剩余分别为何？相较於(b)小提，社会总剩余增加或减少？ (d)(3分)低学费政策之下，大学教育的供给量小於需求量，我国入学制度主要以考试成绩 决定入学机会的分配。请由消费者愿付价格、考试成绩以及家庭背景三者高度正相关 的事实，说明为什麽有人认为我国的低学费政策是一种「逆向」的所得重分配？ 3.(15分)某热门课程深受学生欢迎，初选有300人选上。不过，开学後由於大型教室难觅， 该课程修课人数必须减少为150人。假设学生可以分为三类，每类型各有100人。A类学生 非常想修这门课，只愿接受至少$3000的代价後退选，我们称$3000为其「愿退价格」。B ，C两类学生的愿退价格则分别为$1000和$100。 (a)(4分)由效率的角度来看，这三类学生应该各有多少人退选？此时这门课为学生创造出 来的总价值为多少？ (b)(4分)由於个别学生的「愿退价格」只有学生自己知道，且多数学生认为选课是学生的 权利，只好以抽签来决定退选学生。请问，被抽中退选的机率为何？此时这门课创造出 来的预期总价值为何？ (c)(4分)承(b)，假设未被抽中退选的学生可以取得一张「可转卖的授权码」，学生重新上 网凭授权码选课，并假设各类学生恰好有50人取得授权码。请问，此时谁会卖出授权码 ？谁会买入授权码？交易价格为何？这门课创造出来的总价值为何？ (d)(3分)现行制度以年级决定选课顺位，高年级的顺位较高。请问只有当学生所属类别和 年级之间的关系为何时，这个制度所决定的修课学生才会是有效率的？ 4.(15分)海湖村有10个村民，村民可以由编织竹篮或到湖里捕鱼来赚取生活费。湖里的鱼 数目有限，越多人去捕鱼会使每个人的渔获量变少。捕鱼人数和每人渔获价值的关系如 下： If = 14 - 2 ×n 其中n为捕鱼人数，If为每人每日所得。此外，编织竹篮的每日所得为$2。 (a)(5分)村民各自独立进行编织竹篮或捕鱼的决策时，将有多少人去捕鱼？有多少人编织 竹篮？全村的总收入为何？ (b)(3分)当捕鱼人数为n*时，全村的总收入可以达到最大。如果令(a)小提的捕鱼人数为na 请问n*应会大於、小於或等於na？为什麽？ (c)(4分)承(b)，使全村总收入达到最大的捕鱼人数n*为何？ (d)(3分)承(c)村民决定拍卖n*张捕鱼执照，无照者不得捕鱼，并将拍卖所得做为全村的共 同经费。请问，此时村民最多愿意付多少钱来取得一张捕鱼执照？ --

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