作者vincent7977 (白水放)
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标题[试题] 98上 梁明义 总体经济学一 期中考
时间Fri Nov 13 12:07:20 2009
课程名称︰总体经济学一
课程性质︰必修
课程教师︰梁明义
开课学院:社会科学院
开课系所︰经济系
考试日期(年月日)︰98.11.09
考试时限(分钟):140+26(延长至打钟)
是否需发放奖励金:是
(如未明确表示,则不予发放)
试题 :
1.(20%)经济学家设计并推出一套「抽象理论」(abstract theory, 或说model)往往是针对
其在「实际世界」(real world)所面对的某些「问题」(problems)而要表达某些「信息
」(messages)。试问下列三位经济学家其发表主要着作的年代大约在何时?他们所关心
的「实际世界」的「问题」为何?他们各要表达怎样的基本「信息」?
(a)(5%)A. Smith
(b)(5%)K. Marx
(c)(5%)J. M. Keynes
(d)(5%)以上是公认影响人类历史文明最大的三位经济学家。「您觉得」对於今日(2009
年)居住在台湾的2千3百多万同胞而言,这三位学者的「基本信息」是否仍有「切身
关系」(relevant)?如果有,是怎样的「切身关系」?如果没有,为什麽?
2.(20%)Gordon在Chapter 1提及美国过去三、四十年大家所最关心的"Big Three"
concepts of macroeconomics 是失业率、通货膨胀率与生产力成长。试说明Gordon进一
步解析的:
(a)(5%)"Macroeconomics in the Short Run and Long Run"
(b)(10%)"Macroeconomics at the Extremes"
下表为台湾1960-2008总出口占GDP的一些选择性年代资料
年代 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
---------------------------------------
百分比(%) 11.4 29.9 51.5 45.7 53.8 74.4
(c)(5%)Discuss what the data show in terms of the "internationalization" of
the Taiwan economy since 1960。就您的了解,为何会有这样的变动趋势。
3.(20%)
(a)(5%)试画出一个完整的circular flow diagram of income and expenditure。
(b)(5%)您认为下列的每项「交易行为」(transection)是否应该含在GDP里?如果是,指
明出该属於GDP里哪个component(C, I, G, NX);如果不是,说明为什麽。
(1)Your local ice cream maker buys peaches to make peach ice cream.
(2)Your local ice cream maker buys a new and improved ice cream maker.
(3)You buy peach ice cream from your local ice cream maker.
(4)Your local ice cream maker sells peach ice cream to a restaurant that
serves peach smoothies.
(5)Your cousin in China buys peach ice cream from your local ice cream
maker.
(6)You buy a used book to learn how to make peach ice cream.
(7)You buy peaches to make peach ice cream for yourself.
(8)You buy a new ice cream maker to make peach ice cream for yourself.
(9)You give some of your peach ice cream to your cousin when she visit
from China.
(c)(5%)试举例说明the chain-weighted calculation of real GDP与一般计算real GDP
方法的不同。为何美国要多采用chain-weighted方法来计算其real GDP成长?
(d)(5%)
(1)Savings and taxes are called leakages. From what do they leak? Where do
they go? Imports are also a leakage,From what do they leak? Where do
they go?
(2)Private domestic investment and government purchases of goods and
services are called injections. What are they injections into? From
where do they come? Export are an injection.What are they injections
into? From where do they come?
4.(25%)
(a)(5%)某人对X与Y两商品的效用函数如下:
U(X,Y)=(X^α)(Y^β) 其中 0<α<1 0<β<1。
以I代表所得,Px与Py代表商品价格,且Px>0,Py>0。请问该人对X与Y商品的效用是
否合於「边际效用递减律」?请导出该人对X与Y商品的demend functions及所得需求
弹性。
(b)(5%)假定某产业由两家厂商组成,已知其总成本函数如下:
厂商A:TC=4Ya+Ya^2
厂商B:TC=12Yb+0.5Yb^2
其中Ya,Yb各为厂商A,B之产量。虽然只有两家厂商,假定他们行为有如完全竞争下的
厂商(即behave as a price taker)。请导出各家厂商的供给函数(supply function)
并画出供给曲线;再导出整个产业的总供给函数(aggregate supply function)并画
出总供给曲线。
(c)(10%)考虑一个经济社会有n种产品,m个消费者,n个厂商各生产单一产品,两种生产
因素(资本与劳力)为消费者所拥有。试说明这个经济社会要达到Pareto Optimun的三
个必要(necessary)条件。并说明为何在完全竞争下的均衡状况会符合这三个条件。
(d)(5%)试说明Hayek-efficiency。为何在(c)的「理论架构」(theoretical framework)
里无法表达Hayek-efficiency的观念?
5.(15%)视下列Simple Keynesian Model of Income Determination
(1)C=Ca+c(Y-Ta)
(2)Ep=C+Ip+G+NX
(3)Y=Ep
以上英文字母所代表者与课堂上使用者相同。
(a)(5%)试问在下列的模型架构设定(specification)下,以下的每个观念各是内生
(endogenous)或是外生(exogenous)?
(1)consumption (6)tax revenue
(2)GDP (7)disposable income
(3)price level (8)saving
(4)interest rate (9)foreign trade surplus (deficit)
(5)investment (10)government budget surplus (deficit)
(b)(10%)假定c=0.8 Ca=800 Ta=900 Ip=500 G=900 NX=200
What are the values of autonomous planned spending (Ap) and the multiplier
(K)? Find the equilibrium levels of income and comsumption.
现假定此经济社会目前处於极端经济不景气状态,而政府判断充分就业所得应该是
8600。依此模型,政府有三种不同的财政政策可达充分就业:「单纯支出政策」,「
单纯税收政策」与「维持预算均衡」。试问此三种不同政策下政府各该怎麽做?其财
政赤字与盈余各为如何?
试题结束
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