课程名称 欧洲文学1800以後︰ 课程性质 必修︰ 课程教师 齐东耿︰ 开课学院 文学院 开课系所 外文系︰ 考试日期（年月日）2009/05/01︰ 考试时限（分钟）：180分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 谢谢 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : A.Essay Please write a short essay addressing the following question. It is not expected that you will quote from memory, but you should remember the general drift of the poems we have read, and you should, by now, have a good overall sense of Romanticism. It has been argued that Anthropomorphism is the central trope of Romantic lyric poetry. [GK:anthropos(ανθρωποδ) - man; morphe(μορφη) -form/ shape] Please explore such a claim by discussing examples from at least three of the poets we have studied in class: Holderlin, Heine, Nerval, Lamartine, Leopardi, and Baudelaire. What does Anthropomorphism mean as a trope (a linguistic device that literally "turns" the meaning of words and phrases away from their common signification; for example: a metaphor)? Why is it so common in the poems we have been reading? What does it suggest about the Romantic imagination? [20 points] B.Identification Briefly identify the following people or terms [20 points] 1.Johann Joachim Winckelmann 2.Gustave Courbet 3.The Moirae: Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos (a.k.a. Parcae: Nona, Decima, Morta) [Fates] 4.Gustave Flaubert 5.Sturm und Drang 6.Orpheus 7.Jacques Aupick 8.Encyclopedie, ou dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers 9.Weimar 10.Eugene Delacroix C.Comparison Compare the following two poems, "Une Allee du Luxembourg" by Nerval and "A une passante" by Baudelaire. What is the main difference between the poems, which clearly treat of a similar theme? How is the imagery different? And what does this tell us about Baudelaire's relationship to Romanticism, about Baudelaire's advance away from Nerval (and Hugo, and Lamartine, and so on) towards the Modern world? [20 points] A Lane in the Luxembourg (Nerval) And now the girl has passed me by, Quick and nimble as a bird: In her hand a dazzling flower, On her lips a song unheard. Perhaps she is the only one Whose heart would answer mine, Who with a single look would shine And light my lonely night. But no - my youth has gone. Farewell, soft and illuminating ray, Perfume, young girl, harmony... Fortune fades, - has fled away. To a Passer-By (Baudelaire) The street about me roared with a deafening sound. Tall, slender, in heavy mourning, majestic grief, A woman passed, with a glittering hand Raising, swinging the herm and flounces of her skirt; Agile and graceful, her leg was like a statue's. Tense as in a delirium, I drank From her eyes, pale sky where tempests germinate, The sweetness that enthralls and the pleasure that kills. A lightning flash...then night! Fleeting beauty By whose glance I was suddenly reborn, Will I see you no more before eternity? Elsewhere, far, far from here! too late! never perhaps! For I know not where you fled, you know not where I go, O you whom I would have loved, O you who knew it! D.Goethe Short Answer [20 points] 1.What is God's bet with Mephisto? [2] 2.What is Mephisto's initial wager to Faust? [2] 3.What is Faust's wager to Mephisto? Please explain. What is the real meaning of the bet? What does it suggest about Faust's nature, about Human Nature? [5] 4.Why does Faust turn to magic and evil at the beginning of the play? [3] 5.What is so important about the scene of translation of the first sentence of the Greek Gospel of John? [3] 6.Describe the character of Magarete [Gretchen/Gretel]. Why does she accept Faust and go along with him until the end? [5] E.Short Answer [20 points] 1.Was Baudelaire a Realist? [Explain, 3] 2.Was Baudelaire a Romantic? [Explain, 3] 3.Was Baudelaire a Parnassian? [ Explain, 3] 4.In Leopardi's poem "l'Infinito" ["The Infinite"], what is the infinite? Explain the last line: "E il naufragar m'e dolce in questo mare"/ "And sweet to me the foundering [drowning/shipwreck] in this sea."[2] 5.What is so shocking about Baudelaire's poem, "A Carcass" and how is it related to the carpe diem tradition? [3] 6.What is the meaning of "Spleen and Ideal"? [3] 7.What does the word Romanticism mean [romance, romantic, roman...]? [3] --

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