课程名称︰总体经济学二 课程性质︰必修 课程教师︰梁明义 开课学院：社会科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰2009/06/15 考试时限（分钟）：140mins→170mins 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1.(20%) (a)(5%)课本使用一个Desert Island Bank 来说明商业银行如何「创造货币」 的过程。What are the 4 required conditions for money creation? In the Great Depression of the 1930s, many bank failures occurred in part because one or more of these conditions was no longer met. Which are the most likely candidates to explain the failure of the banking system to operate properly in the depths of the Great Depression? (b)(10%)试问美国自1970年代末期开启的「金融自由化」如何： (i)affected the slope of the IS and LM curves;and(ii)contributed to increased volatility of interest rates in the 1980s? 又美国的利率为何 less volatile in the 1990s? (c)(5%)Suppose you earn and spend $2,000 per month. You receive your paycheck on the first day of the month and must decide how much of it to hold as cash and how much to deposit in your savings account. The savings account pays 0.025 interest; however, the bank charges you $1 for each withdrawal you make during the month. What will be your average demand for cash over the month? If the interest rate rose to 0.10, what would be your average demand for cash over the month? 试问以上的计算是根据那位经济学者所提的模型? 2.(20%) (a)(5%)One way of describing the rules-versus-activism debate is to compare the beliefs of each side regarding the self-correcting powers of the capitalist economy and the proper role of the government. What does each side believe about these issues? (b)(5%)M. Friedman在1968年发表文章"The Role of Monetary Policy"陈述其对 「货币政策所应扮演角色」的看法。试列举「重货币学派(monetarists)」的 主要看法(propositions)。为何这套看法会被称为「重」货币学派?为何会被 称为Rule Advocates? (c)(5%)说明「The Five Types of Lags」。Gordon对於美国的情况提出怎样的 「Evidence on the Effectiveness Lag」? (d)(5%)说明the Taylor Rule的观念。在第8章曾论及政府面对supply shock可有 3种不同的policy responses: neutral, accommodating与extinguishing。In terms of how the government weighs inflation against output, i.e., the parameters a and b of the Taylor Rule equation, explain how each of the policy responses to a supply shock would fit into a Taylor Rule equation。 3.(20%)凯因斯的理论体系由「消费」、「投资」与「货币需求」三个函数关系所组成。 在post-Keynesian期间，有关这三个函数关系在实证与理论上都有不少新的进展。试 说明下列三个理论模型内容，特别要指出它们各要对原始凯因斯模型做怎样的「改良」 或要表达怎样的「信息」。 (a)(5%)Friedman 的 Permanent Income Hypothesis。 (b)(5%)Modigliani 的 Life Cycle Hypothsis。 (c)(5%)The Acceletator Hypothesis of Investment。 Short-run macroeconomics一个关键性课题是不同经济学家对於整个经济的「有效需 求」是否「稳定」持不同看法。而「有效需求」的两个重要组成是「消费」与「投资」 (d)(5%)Gordon以美国过去三、四十年的实证资料倾向於赞成「有效需求」是「稳定」 或「不稳定」? 试说明之。 4.(20%) 视下面Friedman-Phelps-Lucas Supply Function: N e Y=Y +h(P-P ) 这显然是一条向上倾斜的short-run SAS curve。 (a)(10%)试问Friedman, Phelps与Lucas各提出怎样的「个经基础」?特别要说明他们 各做怎样的假设使得SAS curve「向上倾斜」而不是「垂直」。就modeling来说， 我们可从怎样的观点来说Lucas是承续Friedman的分析方式?又从怎样的观点可说 Lucas是脱离Friedman的分析方式? (b)(5%)Gordon对RBC model有怎样的批评? (c)(5%)何谓menu costs theory?说明menu costs如何引起macroeconomics externality。 5.(20%)「文化」与「历史背景」因素会对一个国家的经济成长有重要与基本性的影响。 但这些影响常常不是像Solow那样的数学成长模型能有效表达出来的。 (a)(10%)试讨论「日本殖民统治」与「儒家思想传统」对台湾战後快速经济成长的影 响。 (b)(10%)试说明「日本殖民统治」与「儒家思想传统」如何塑造出台湾总体经济的一 些「特徵」。而两次能源危机，台湾的「实质GDP成长率」与「通货膨胀率」之变 化情形与美国有很大不同。试问是如何不同?又这些不同与台湾的「特徵」有何关联? --

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