课程名称︰当代英美哲学 课程性质︰哲学系群组选修 课程教师︰苑举正 开课学院：文学院 开课系所︰哲学系 考试日期（年月日）︰980116 考试时限（分钟）：170分钟 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : Please answer three of the following six questions in either Chinese or English with exact replies in accordance with the contents included in the syllabus and what we have discussed in the classes about them (Each question you choose counts 35 points. The total score is 105 points): 1. Elaborate the main theses of 'Picture Theory' proposed in Tractatus, compare it with Russell's 'Logical Atomism' and, specify the difference between them. 2. In what sense 'Logical Positivists' are against metaphysics? 3. According to Carnap, we should distinguish two different questions, that is, internal from external, to avoid involving the tangled metaphysics debates. What does Carnap mean by internal/external question? Some philosophers point out that accepting the distinction could be viewed as a step toward relativism. Why? 4. As is well-known, Later Wittgenstein holds a drastically different position from his early work. Explain how this change comes into being briefly. What is the impact of Wittgenstein's shift from his early to later stance in philosophy? [Hint: You may want to focus on what problem the Early Wittgenstein had made in the eyes of Later Wittgenstein] 5. What is relativism? Give an argument to support this position. Would you like to be a relativist? Please justify your answer. 6. Putnam characterizes the conclusion of relativism as 'mental suicide' According to you, how to respond and avoid this unpleasantly consequence? --

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