课程名称︰经济学一 课程性质︰选修可抵通识 课程教师︰刘锦添 开课学院：社科学院 开课系所︰经济系 考试日期（年月日）︰97/11/12 考试时限（分钟）：9:10~11:10 是否需发放奖励金：是 （如未明确表示，则不予发放） 试题 : 1.The supply and demand for ice cream cones are described by the following equations: Supply: Q^S=-30+38P Demand: Q^D=90-2P Q is the quantity of ice cream cones per day, and P is the price per cone (in dollars). a. Graph the supply curve and the demand curve. What is the equilibrium price and quantity? b. Calculate consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus at the equilibrium. c. If a dictator who hated ice cream were to outlaw the sale of ice cream cones, who would bear the larger burden—the buyers or the sellers of ice cream cones? 2.In the country of Taxopia, the price of a movie ticket is $8 and 3000 movie tickets are sold daily. a. To raise revenue, the government of Taxopia decides to charge movie theaters a tax of $2 per ticket sold. After the tax is imposed, the price of a ticket rises to $9.25 and the number of tickets sold falls to 2200. Calculate the amount of revenue this tax raises for Taxopia and the deadweight loss of the tax. (Hint: The area of a triangle is 1/2 ×base × height.) b. The government now decides to double the tax to $4 per ticket sold. The price rises to $10.5 and the number of tickets sold falls to 1400. Calculate the tax revenue and deadweight loss with this larger tax. Do they double, more than double, or less than double? Explain. 3.Evaluate the following two statements. Do you agree? Why or why not? a. "If the government taxes land, wealthy landowners will pass the tax on to their poorer renters." b. "If the government taxes apartment buildings, wealthy landlords will pass the tax on to their poorer renters." 4.Corn has an elastic demand, and gasoline has an inelastic demand. Suppose that the government places a tax on each product that lowers the supply of each product by half (that is, the quantity supplied at each price is 50 percent of what it was.) a. What happens to the equilibrium price and quantity in each market? b. Which product experiences a larger change in price? c. Which product experiences a larger change in quantity? d. What happens to total consumer spending on each product? 5.Consider the following policies, each of which is aimed at reducing obesity by reducing the consumption of hamburgers. Illustrate each of the proposed policies in a supply-and-demand diagram of the market for hamburgers. a. a price floor on hamburgers b. a tax on hamburger consumers c. a subsidy to chicken producers that lowers the price of chicken sandwiches d. a tax on hamburger producers 6.A subsidy is the opposite of a tax. With a $0.5 tax on buyers of ice-cream cones, the government collects $0.5 for each cone purchased; with a $0.5 subsidy for the buyers of ice-cream cones, the government pays buyers $0.5 for each cone purchased. a. Show the effect of a $0.5 per cone subsidy on the demand curve for ice-cream cones, the effective price paid by consumers, the effective price received by sellers, and the quantity of cones sold. b. Do consumers gain or lose from this policy? Do producers gain or lose? Does the government gain or lose? 7.Assume the United States is an importer of cameras and there are no trade restrictions. U.S. consumers buy 2 million cameras per year, of which 600000 are produced domestically and 1.4 million are imported. a. Suppose that a technological advance among Japanese camera manufactures causes the world price of cameras to fall by $15. Draw a graph to show how this change affects the welfare of U.S. consumers and U.S. producers and how it affects total surplus in the United States. b. After the fall in price, U.S. consumers buy 2.5 million cameras, of which 400000 are produced domestically and 2.1 million are imported. Calculate the change in consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus from the price reduction. c. If the government responded by putting a $15 tariff on imported cameras, what would this do? Calculate the revenue that would be raised and the deadweight loss. Would it be a good policy from the standpoint of U.S. welfare? Who might support this policy? --

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