前言: 大东流合气柔术和合气道之间的关系密不可分,而大东流的中兴之祖武田忽角 ("忽"字应为上面一个物下面一个心,BBS打不出来)更是当时日本数一数二的高手, 以下文章是在1930年代一名朝日新闻社的记者远赴北海道访问武田忽角後所写的, 从这篇文章里我们可以一窥武田忽角的风采. 本文译自Yoichi Ozaka在1930年8月所写的文章,英文原文刊登於aiki news第68期, 取自http://www.aikidojournal.com Face to Face with Sokaku Takeda 与武田忽角的面对面 Many years ago Daito-ryu aikijujutsu existed as a secret martial art school of the Aizu Clan. However, beginning in the Meiji Period this veil of mystery shrouding the art for hundreds of years had been lifted due to the efforts of Master Sokaku Takeda (1859-1943), legitimate heir of the school. Daito-ryu is considered the most advanced self-defense art and is unequaled by traditional martial arts such as kendo and judo. For some unknown reason, Master Takeda, an extraordinary martial artist, went to Hokkaido to renounce the world some 20 years ago. He began to lead a life in complete seclusion while engaging in farming in Shirataki (the text actually reads "Shirahama", a mistake on the part of the writer as the kanji for "taki" and "hama" are quite similar) in Kitami, the back country of Hokkaido. Although it seems that he has some thirty thousand students all over Japan, the Master is living in isolation in order to avoid all worldly troubles. 多年以前,大东流合气柔术以不外传的秘密武术形式存在於会津藩内.然而在明治初年, 终於由大东流正统继承人武田忽角(1859-1943)揭开笼罩在这项神秘武术上有数百年之久 的面纱.大东流被认为是最先进的防身武术,像剑道及柔道之类的传统武术无法与之比拟. 为了某些不明的原因,武田老师,身为出类拔萃的武术家,在20多年前前往北海道避世而居. 他在北海道偏远的北见巿白泷村耕种时过着不问世事的生活,虽然在全日本有多达三万名 学生,但武田老师却与世隔绝以避免所有世俗的纷争. I spent seven hours travelling by train to the east after transferring at Nayori, close to the northern extremity of Hokkaido, to arrive at the Master's secluded house where he is living in retirement in Shirataki in Kitami-no-kuni. His house has two ten-mat tatami rooms with no sliding doors between them. Besides these rooms there is one large room of about 20 mats containing a five- foot sunken hearth surrounded by a lustrous black wooden hem. Although it was midsummer, I found a large cauldron hanging from a pot hanger and two pairs of iron tongs about 16 or 17 inches in length randomly thrown into the pot. The room reminded me of the secluded house of Tsukahara Bokuden (sword expert and founder of Bokuden-ryu (Shinto-ryu) (1489-1571)) or Mataemon Araki (sword expert and founder of Araki-ryu (1597?-1638?)) in every way. 我在到达北海道最北边的名寄市後坐了七个小时的火车往东,才到达武田老师在北见巿白泷 村隐居的住所.他的居所有二间十叠(十张榻榻米大)的房间,中间没有门隔开.除了这些房间 外还有一间大约二十张榻榻米大的房间,中庭里面有一片五平方尺的草地,被华美的黑木柱 包围着.虽然时值仲夏,我看到一口大锅子挂在勾子上,里面随意丢着二支16或17寸长的火钳. 这个房间在各方面让我想起塚原卜传(剑术高手,卜传流(神道流)创始人,1489-1571)或是 荒木又卫门(剑术高手,荒木流创始人,1597?-1638?)的小屋. His wife greeted me saying, "Many thanks for your kind visit but my husband wandered off at the beginning of June and has not yet come back." 他的太太接待我,并说"谢谢你特地来拜访,但我丈夫六月初就云远四方去了, 现在还没回来." "What an easygoing attitude she has," I thought to myself. If this were Tokyo, one would immediately call the police to search for him. "Oh yes," she added, "I received a letter from him three or four days ago. He said he was staying in a place called Koshimizu located behind Abashiri. But he will go off again somewhere from there and I have no idea when he will return home. I hope you'll find him in Koshimizu but he may already have left." I felt very much discouraged but decided to forget about it and again spent seven hours on a train and got off at Furuoke Station, four stops from Abashiri, famous as the site of a prison. Then I walked along a mountain path crossing a ridge for some 2 1/2 miles. It was about midnight when I finally arrived in the town of Koshimizu. "她的态度真是潇洒,"我心想.要是在东京的话,应该早就报警去找他了."喔对了,"她说, "我三四天前收到他的信,他说他待在网走巿的小清水町.但他之後又要离开,我不知道他何 时才会回家.希望你能在小清水町找到他,但他可能已经离开了."我觉得很沮丧,但决定忘掉 这回事,又花了七个小时坐火车,在Furuoke车站下车,离网走巿四站的距离,以监狱的所在地 而闻名.之後我沿着山路穿过山脊,走了大约二英哩半,到达小清水町时已将近午夜时分. When I at last found an inn an old man of 67 or 68 who looked like a samurai of yesteryear came out and asked what business had brought me there and where I came from. I handed him my name card and followed after him. At that point I heard someone beyond the "shoji" sliding door say: "What? A newspaperman? What a nuisance! What does he want of an old farmer like me? It's no use talking about it. If he is already here, tell him to come in." He greeted me with the following words: "I didn't want to see you because it's a bother to me, but I suppose it can't be helped." 当我总算找到旅店时,一个年纪大约67或68岁的老人,看起来像昔日的武士,问我来自何方, 来意为何.我奉上名片,并随他进屋.在门口我听到某人的声音:"什麽?新闻记者? 真是讨人厌!他找我这个老农夫想做什麽?说也没用,如果他已经到了,就叫他进来. "那人用以下的话迎接我:"我不想见你,因为这是在打扰我,但我想说这些话也没用." He was wearing a checkered summer cotton kimono with a belt wound around his waist. Anyone would think he was a poor peasant judging merely by his appearance. He didn't look his age which was 72 years. He looked younger and appeared vigorous. He was small, probably less than five-feet tall. I found out later that he weighed only about 100 pounds. Nonetheless, his eyes stared at me fiercely and I had the distinct impression they wouldn't be satisfied until having penetrated to the depths of my soul. 他穿有格子花纹的夏季和服,系着腰带.只从外表来看,任何人都会以为他是个贫穷的农夫. 他看起来不像72岁的人,比较年轻而且精力充沛.个头很小,大概不到五尺高(150公分), 我後来发现他大概只有100磅重(45公斤).无论如何,他用锐利的眼神注视着我,让我留下 除非用眼神贯穿我的灵魂深处时才会满足的印象. "What do you want from an old man like me?" he asked. "你找我这个老人想做什麽?"他问. "I want to talk to you about martial arts." "我想和你谈谈武术." "If it's farming you want to hear about, I have a general knowledge. I can cultivate a 2-hectare field myself. I can dig up the roots of about 30 big trees. Ha, ha, ha..." "如果你想听的是耕田的话,我懂一些.我可以自己种二亩地.我可以挖起30颗大树的根. 哈哈哈...." After a while the conversation naturally turned to Takeda Sensei's preferred subject of martial arts beginning with each school then moving on to other topics. The Master, who gradually had become excited while talking, had his best student (the old man I first met) stand in the middle of the eight-mat room opposite him. It seems that this old man is an ardent admirer of Sokaku and had been studying with him for twenty years. 뤊过了一会,话题自然地转到武田老师最爱的武术,开始谈论各个流派,之後转到其他话题. 武田老师在谈话时兴致越来越高,叫他最好的学生(我一开始遇见的老人)站在八块榻榻米 大的房间中央和他面对面.这个老人似乎是忽角的忠实仰慕者,并且在他门下学了二十年. "Since the conversation has livened up a bit, let me show you some techniques. Come on! Attack me from any direction!" "既然话匣子打开了一点,让我表演几招吧.来吧!从任何方位攻击我!" His strong posture with his feet spaced a little apart made him appear really large. His eyes were blood-curdling as they stared at his best student. A moment later his opponent attacked him with all his might. He ended up on the floor having been thrown easily by Takeda Sensei whose shout was like a bolt of lightening. 他稳固的站姿,双脚微微分开,让他看起来十分巨大.他的双眼注视他最好的学生时似乎让人 血液为之凝结.过了一会他的对手用全力攻击他,最後轻易地被武田老师摔倒在地上, 老师并且发出如闪电般的怒吼. The student then uttered, "I surrender." 学生接着喊,"我认输." The technique was so perfectly executed it left one somewhat unsatisfied. I was shown about ten matches of this type but the techniques were so quickly applied I couldn't see how he managed the throws or pinned his adversary to the point he wasn't even able to moan. 招式施展如此地完美,让人觉得不够满足.我看了大概十次这样的对决,但是武田老师施展的 技法快到让我看不出他是如何摔倒或压制对手,甚至让对手无法哀嚎求饶. "It looks like a rigged match, doesn't it." "看起来很像套好招的,对吧." "Yes, it does," I blurted out without thinking. "是的."我想也不想就脱口而出. "Have you ever practiced ‘yawara' (jujutsu techniques)? Stand up." "你练过"yawara"(柔术)吗?站起来吧. I stood up. 我站了起来. "Squeeze my neck tightly." "用力掐我的脖子." I am a pretty large fellow and I strangled him with all my might. Then, he said, "Are you ready now?" As soon as I heard him shout, my hands, which were around his neck, felt as if they were broken. He then asked me to grab his right arm with both my hands and to push against his chest and various other things. I did as I was told and was thrown without understanding how he did it. He pinned my neck and both arms with his legs as if tying a knot. My arms felt almost like they were broken and I was out of breath. 我体格蛮魁梧的,而且用全力勒住他.接着他说,"你准备好了吗?"我一听到他的叫声, 本来缠着他脖子的双手,觉得好像要断了一般.他接着要我用双手抓住他的右手, 并且推向他的胸口,还有一些其他的东西.我依指示做,然後在完全不了解他怎麽办到的情况 下被摔倒.他用双腿压住我的脖子和双手,就像在打结一样.我的双手觉得好像快断了, 而且无法呼吸. When I looked up at Master Takeda from my vantage point on the floor he had his arms folded across his chest and was saying to his student, "Hey, the tea has been spilt!" I couldn't believe it! 当我从地板上看着武田老师时,他双手抱在胸前,而且对学生说"嘿,茶打翻了!" 我真是无法相信! A little later he drew a live blade and showed me various kata (forms). He swung the unsheathed sword before my eyes, under my nose and around my shoulders creating an ominous swishing sound. 之後他拔出真刀,表演各个不同的形(套路).他在我的眼前,鼻子下方和肩膀附近挥动, 发出很大的风切声. "It is quite difficult to make this swishing sound with the sword. You can't cut a person properly unless you can produce this sound when swinging a sword. It is very hard to make this 14-inch sword sing." The 72 year-old man didn't look at all tired. "用剑发出风切声是很难的一件事.除非你在挥剑时可以发出风切声,才能正确地砍倒别人. 要让这把14寸长的剑唱歌可是很难的."这位72岁的老人看起来一点也不疲倦. He next talked about how quickly Marquis Tsugumichi Saigo learned techniques and having met and talked with General Nogi in Nasuno (in Tochigi Prefecture) and how much he liked it when the latter dressed up like a farmer. He also told me that since his martial art style was very easy to learn, he had never demonstrated in front of people. Takeda Sensei said that his father cauterized the nails of both his hands everyday as punishment for his not being able to learn techniques fast enough. He showed me the burn marks still remaining after so many years. Even when the hour reached two o'clock in the morning he continued to talk endlessly. 他接下来说到西乡从道学技法是多麽快,而且提到他在那须野会见乃木希典将军的事, 并且说到他很喜欢乃木将军作农夫打扮的样子.他也告诉我,因为他的武术很容易学, 他从未公开在别人面前表演.武田老师说他父亲会因为他学技法不够快而烫他的手指甲, 经过了那麽多年这些伤痕都还在.即使时间已经接近半夜二点,他还是不断地诉说着. "Have these techniques ever been useful to you in a real situation?", I asked, purposely changing the subject to draw more information out of him. At first he just laughed and didn't answer my question but finally he told me about one incident. According to his story, he was attacked by 40 or 50 construction workers in Fukushima Prefecture in the beginning of the Meiji Period and killed 8 or 9 people.** “你曾在实际的场合里用过这些技法吗?”,我如此问,有意地转移话题以从他身上得到 更多资讯.一开始他只是大笑,并未回答我的问题,但最後他告诉我一件事.据他所述, 明治初年他曾在福岛县被40或50个建筑工人围攻,并且杀了8到9个人.* "This technique is a perfect self-defense art where you avoid being cut, hit or kicked while at the same time you don't hit, kick or cut. As the attack comes you handle it expediently using the power of your opponent. So even women and children can execute these techniques. But I make it a rule not to teach the techniques to anyone without proper references because they are frightening if misused. I understand that there are people teaching these techniques in Tokyo [probably a reference to Morihei Ueshiba who was teaching in Tokyo at this time], but I don't think you can teach other people well unless you are very skilled yourself."" “大东流的技法是完美的防身武术,在避免遭到劈砍或踢打的同时,自己也不用去劈砍 或踢打对方.当对方攻击时,适当地运用他的力量.所以就算是女人或小孩也能施展 这些技法.但是我绝不教那些没有适当介绍函的学生,因为技法一旦被滥用将会是很可怕 的事.我知道有些人在东京教这些技法(可能指的是当时在东京教学的植芝盛平), 但除非在自己变的很厉害前,否则我不认为可以教其他人.” It seemed that his talk would never come to an end even after the day had dawned. 直到天亮以後,他还是滔滔不绝地谈论着. (全文完) *Donn Draeger in Modern Bujutsu and Budo records this incident as having taken place when Sokaku was 23 in 1881 and gives the location as Tokyo. Also the number of dead is reported as 12 persons. Don Draeger在”现代武术与武道”一书中记录了此一事件,发生在1881年,当时忽角23岁, 地点在东京.而死亡人数据报导为12人. (全文由台大椰林合气道社JCDenton翻译) --

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