http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football_rules Encroachment (5 yards) - a defensive player crosses the line of scrimmage and makes contact with a player, or has an unabated path to the quarterback, before the snap. Unlike the offside foul, this foul immediately halts play: the referees blow the whistle, the clock stops, and the offense dose'nt run a play. In high school, any entry to the neutral zone by a defensive player is an encroachment foul; the play cannot start with a player offside. Referee signal: both hands placed on hips, with elbows pointing outwards. 碰到对方球员 Neutral Zone Infraction (5 yards) - before the snap, a defensive player (most often a lineman), jumps into the neutral zone and "startles" an offensive player causing him to false start. Referee Signal: same as encroachment/offsides. 防守球员超线造成false start Offside (5 yards NFL/NCAA only) - Any part of a player is in or past the neutral zone when the ball is snapped. Unlike offensive players, defensive players are not compelled to come to a set position before the snap. So if a defender jumps across the line but gets back to his side before the snap there is no foul. In the case of an offside foul, play is not stopped, and the foul is announced at the conclusion of the play. The non-offending team can thus decline the penalty and take the yardage gained on the play - unlike in the case of a false start foul against the offense, whereupon the play is immediately stopped by the officials. Referee signal: both hands placed on hips, with elbows pointing outwards (same as Neutral Zone infraction/Encroachment). Note: This foul is almost always committed by the defense. However, it is possible for the offense to commit this foul. If an offensive player lines up in the neutral zone, an offside foul will be called against the offense. snap时超线 ※ 引述《real5566 (真！５５６６)》之铭言： : 小弟想请教以下几个犯规的区别 : 不是请问罚退码数的差异,而是问什麽情况会判哪种犯规 : 因为我看起来好像都一样= = : 1. offside : 2. encroachment : 3. neutral zone infraction : 麻烦板上高手解惑! --

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