课程名称：哲学概论 课程性质：必修 开课教师：林从一老师 开课学院：文学院 开课系级：哲学一 考试日期(年月日)：2009/01/14 考试时限(Mins)：180 mins 试题本文： Instruction: You must answer (1), (4), (5) and one of (2) and (3). 1. G.E. Moore argues that there can only be one answer to the question "What is good?", that is: good is good, or, alternatively, 'good' is indefinalbe. Describe an evaluate Moore's argument(s). Make sure in you answer to include explanations of the concept of "naturalistic fallacy" and that of "open question technique." 2. 请说明康德对於hypothetical imperative及categorical imperative的区分。你可 以参考以下的资料以进行说明，你也可以完全忽略它。 * For Kant, moral value is determined ultimately by the nature of the intention of the agent, which in turn is determined by the nature of what he (Kant) calls the general maxim or subjective principle underlying a person's action. One follow a hypothetical imperative when one's maxim does not presume an unconditional end, a goal (like the fulfillment of duty) that one should have irrespective of all sensible desires, but rather a "material end" dependent on contingent inclinations (e.g., the directive "get this food," in order to feel happy). In contrast, a categorical imperative is a directive saying that what ought to be done from the perspective of pure reason alone; it is categorical commands is not contingent on sensible circumstances and it always carries overriding value. The general formula of the categorical imperative is to act only according to those maxims that can be consistently willed as a universal law - something said to be impossible for maxims aimed merely at material ends. In accepting this imperative, we are doubly self-determined, for we are not only determining our action freely, as Kant believes humans do in all exercises of the faculty of choice; we are also accepting a principle whose content is determined by that which is absolutely essential to us as agents, namely our pure practical reason. We thus are following our own law and so have autonomy when we accept the categorical imperative; otherwise we fall into heteronomy, or the (free) acceptance of principles whose content is determined independently of the essential nature of our own ultimate being, which is rational. 3. 请说明康德并评价所主张的the principle of universalizability。说明它的内容、 它如何决定合道德的判断。在你的评价中请包括它所面临的困难。你可以参考上题所 提供的资料以进行说明，你也可以完全忽略它。 4. 请说明囚犯悖论如何支持政府存在的合理性。你赞成吗？为什麽？ 5. 请在Plato的Apology中界定出一个论证并评价它。 --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 122.116.184.10