一、 在本课程的范围内， 举出有关古文明或文字的发掘两例，并说明其影响与贡献。20% 二、 试以「对死後世界的想像」为主题， 说明两河流域、埃及及希腊文化的特色。30% 三、回答以下有关古代近东帝国发展的问题： 1.翻译两段文字： (1.)Thebes was the capital of the Eighteenth Dynasty: as the city's patron deity, Amon therefore played an important role in the dynasty's own self-image. But Amon was more than just a local god. He had grown in stature and popularity throughout Middle Kingdom Egypt. Increasingly he was identified or incorporated with the sun god Ra. By 1550B.C.E., the Amon-Ra godhead had become something like an Egyptian national god, around whom the Thebes-based Eighteenth Dynasty rallied Egypt against the Hyksos. The dynasty therefore had much reason for gratitude to Amon, whose support had been crucial in their efforts to reunite Egypt. from (WC,p.47)10% (2.)'The two fundamental characteristics of this Assyrian military-religious ethos were holy war and the exaction of tribute through terror. The Assyrians were convinced that their god Assur demanded that his worship be extended through military conquest. Even more than to the king, therefore, the Assyrian army belonged to Assur: and all who did not accept Assur's supremacy were, by that fact alone, enemies of Assur's people, the Assyrians. Ritual humiliation of a defeated city's gods was therefore a regular feature of Assyrians. Ritual humiliation of a defeated city's gods was therefore a regular feature of Assyrian conquests.....Meanwhile, an image of Assur himself would be installed in the defeated city, and the conquered people would now be required to worship him.' from (WC,p.64)10% 2.就以上两段文字来讨论古代近东地区帝国统治的特色， 并在此主题下将各大帝国 (至少应包括埃及新王国时期、亚述帝国、波斯帝国)加以比较。30% 懒得检查了XDD 这篇是要造福学弟妹的啦 --

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