作者catarticle (趴里趴呆)
看板MountainClub
标题[中岩] ch14 note
时间Sun Jul 13 15:03:13 2008
Leading on Rock
climber 跟 belayer 之间的配合
climber 决定爬的路线,固定点的地方,爬的节奏
belayer 负责按照leader的期待处理绳子 (何时该给,何时该收)
The climber on lead accepts the responsibility, the risk, and the rewards of
leading the pitch. The belayer agrees to hold any fall.
Leading on Non-technical Terrain
Hand Line
由leader 在底部固定好绳子,再爬到顶部,固定绳子,并拉紧绳子。要注意不要磨到绳
子。剩下的人再开始攀爬,手握绳子,随时准备好抓紧,如果有装备,也可连接到绳上。
由最後的人收绳
Running Belay
通常由两人组成。Leader 放确保点,而follower负责拆除。两人之间必须要有两个确保
点。当有人fall 时,另一个人的重量会拉住另一个人。这比belayer climbing还不安全
Hip Belay
Hip belay(ch10),当leader爬到困难处,可能要求belay。Follower 可能做个固定点,
并使用确保器。要注意的是,这并不适合一连串的困难地形。
Leading Technical Climbs
Technical rock climbing begins when anchored belays are needed for the
party's safety. Each pitch will be led and belayed.
The Rack(the collection of gear used for protection)
◎爬时,leader 负责放这些确保,而follower负责收
◎At the top of the pitch,整理好 the rack,the leader takes the rack needed
for next pitch
◎要带那些gear可以参考guidebook
◎Rack 保含根据路线选的 chocks , carabiners , runners还有chock pick,belay
device , cordelette , tie-off loop(a short loop of accessory cord for
emergency prusiking, tying off a climber after a fall, or a rappel backup)
,pocket knife(remove old sling), chalk
How to Rack
Gears is racked on a gear sling(fig 14-6),最理想的racking method 让leader 可
以有效率的放岩械,带着它们不会感到不舒服,而且在swinging leads 方便
◎put each chock on its own carabiner(fig14.6a)
advantage:容昜整理 disadvantage:重量不平衡,找的时候可能花较多energy, time
◎combine several pieces of protection of a similar size on each carabiner
(fig14-6b)
advantage: carry less carabiners, better weight distribution
disadvantage: increase the risk of dropping gear, handle more gear when place
the piece
◎rack gear on the gear loops of your climbing harness(fig14-6c)
advantage: better weight distribution, separate different types of protection
disadvantage: transfer gear at belays more troublesome
可以同时使用这些方法,但应注意要有系统的整理,climbing partner之间应使用同一种
方法,这样可以节省swinging leads的时间
Leading on Rock , Step by Step
◎ planning the route
◎ protecting the lead
placing too much protection takes time and need carry a big rack
placing too little protection increase the risk of fall and potential injury
leader 要注意固定点的quality, 思考绳子拉扯,以及fall 的危险
◎ selecting and making a placement
把绳子挂进快扣的方式(fig 14.9)
放岩械时,问自己:
1. 在拉扯的方向是否够稳
2. 如何放才会比较稳
3. 那些chocks 应该省下来,对付上面的情况
4. 应使用那种,才能让second 的人方便拆除
5. 放时会不会影响手点或脚点
6. 绳子的拉扯是不是减到最小
当固定点不够稳时,可以再放一个,使它平衡(ch13)
没有足够的保护(protection)时,可选择:
1. 做好保护再爬
2. 继续爬,but without good protection
3. 下来,看是否换belayer 爬
4. 找简单的路线爬
5. 考虑撤退
◎ judging the direction of fall forces
chock的受力方向是向下的,要考虑受到拉扯,会不会脱出
若绳子受到拉扯,会让leader不稳,也会影响fall 时的受力
◎ the zipper effect
放岩械时,要考虑一但fall时的受力方向,有可能一开始是稳的,但之後爬的路线变化(z
字形),绳子的受力方向也变了,会把它拉出来,例子(fig 14-10, fig 14-12 )
Can prevented by making:
1. opposing chocks 2. SLDs or/and natural protection 3. eliminating the
potential for out ward pull by extending pieces with runners
◎ protecting special situation
Overhangs(天花板):不要让绳子磨到岩角,可接runner出来(fig 14-13)
Traverses (横裂隙):在中间要放岩械,不只是让leader 自已安全,也让follower
fall 时,不会荡太大(fig 14-14),确保second 的人也可以考虑用双绳
◎ clipping the bolt
◎ arriving at the next belay
爬上去,做好确保後,再喊 "off belay ",思考好要做的事,如何放绳子,用那一只手
……,装备可以挂在身上,或anchor上,容易拿的地方,但不要放地上
一切就绪後,拉紧绳子,second 喊 " that's me",做好确保喊 "on belay"
◎ cleaning a pitch
有效率的方式(p266 267)
◎ transferring equipment at the top of a pitch
可以交换lead,也可以leader 继续,交换是比较有效率的
The sequence:
1. clip the cleaned pieces to the racks
2. hand the runners and quickdraws to whoever will lead
3. pack can be remove and clipped in to the anchor
4. if the original leader plans to lead, reflake the rope and the second
settle the belay system
◎ climbing with a party of three
需要双绳
Using two ropes sequentially:
Leader 先爬,second 用第一条绳确保,并把第二条挂在身上,等second爬上去,此时第
一条绳都在上面了,third 用第二绳确保,上去後可考虑让third lead
Using two ropes simultaneously:
Leader 爬时,带二条绳子上去,接下两个人各用一条绳子确保,leader 可以同时确保两
人上攀
◎ double- and twin-rope technique
double-rope technique
belayer 同时控制双绳,绳子的直径大约7.4 到8.1 millimeter之间
advantages:
1. 当路线蜿蜒时,绳子比较不会拉扯(fig 14-16)
2. 在traverse 处,用来确保the follower ,可避免大的摆荡(fig 14-17)
3. fall的距离比较短
disadvantages:
1. belay 比较复杂
2. 比较重
3. 要更多技巧
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