1. Fall force is the force you put on a bolt. It depends on factors as follows: 1. Fall factor 2. Static or dynamic belay 3. Rope 4. Directions 2. Cold shuts 3. Leeper Hanger Warming Bolt: A bolt is the term used for a threaded fastener designed to be used in conjunction with a nut. Screw: Threaded fastener with the thread running up to the head of the fastener; has no plain shank. Stud: A fastener which is threaded at both ends with an unthreaded shank in between. One end (which often has a thread tolerance which results in more thread interference) is secured into a tapped hole the other is used with a nut. Tensile: pull-out. Shear: straight down load. --

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