※ 引述《abc12812 ()》之铭言： : The science of scouting: A biomechanical look at Danny Hultzen : http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/the-science-of-scouting-a-biomechanical-look-at-danny-hultzen/ : The Seattle Mariners shocked the baseball blogosphere when they chose Danny : Hultzen over Anthony Rendon in the free agent draft this week. In subsequent : radio interviews in the Seattle area, Jack Zduriencik said the team's had : eyes on Hultzen for years, and that they put top scout Tom McNamara on : Hultzen all year at the University of Virginia. Hultzen's stats are no joke, : but then again, neither are third pick Trevor Bauer's—my preferred pitcher : in the 2011 Major League Baseball Draft. (203 strikeouts in 136 innings : pitched? I can't wait to see Bauer in the big show.) 在本周的选秀会中，西雅图水手出乎意料地跳过Anthony Rendon而选择Danny Hultzen， 这个举动震惊了棒球界。随後在接受西雅图当地的广播访问时，Jack Zduriencik表示水 手注意Hultzen已经有几年的时间，在过去的一整年，水手的球探长Tom McNamara都待在 University of Virginia观察他。Hultzen在今年的成绩并非虚假，但是第三签的 Trevor Bauer--这位2011年MLB选秀会中我最喜爱的投手--的成绩也是货真价实（136局中 投出203K？我等不及看他登上大联盟的表现了） : Ahem. This article is about Danny Hultzen and not my personal man-crush on : Trevor Bauer, so let's get back to it. 阿乐，这篇文章是讨论Danny Hultzen，而不是来叙述我对Trevor Bauer的欣赏跟崇拜， 所以让我们拉回主题吧！ : Scouting Danny Hultzen - Using A Scientific Approach : There are many, many articles out there talking about Hultzen's 90-94 mph : fastball, passable slider, plus-rated changeup, and great character, so I'm : not going to talk about these nebulous grades. I'll leave the 20-80 scouting : scale to those who actually hold scouting jobs. Nor am I going to talk about : his arm action, ball release, and follow-through phases based on my personal : preferences. Rather, we will use crude planar two-dimensional biomechanical : analysis techniques to analyze Hultzen's delivery, using what video we can : find on the Internet. The video I'll use is this series of clips shot by : scoutingthesally.com, available on YouTube: 在这个网站的其他地方，已经有许多的文章在讨论Hultzen的武器群：90-94 mph的速球、 还算堪用的slider、高人一等的changeup以及他优秀的特点。所以我不会针对这些模糊不 清的成绩定义去讨论Hultzen，那些20-80的球探评量就留给球探工作的人去做。我也不会 根据我个人的偏好去讨论他的挥臂动作、放球点以及那些接下来的种种分析。我们会使用 我们在网路上所找到的关於Hultzen的投球影片，撷取简陋的二维平面照片，并应用一些 力学分析技术，针对Hultzen的投球进行分析。所使用的影片来自scoutingthesally.com， 在youtube上可以找到： : A FEW WORDS OF CAUTION: This video, like many others, is shot from the side : at a slight angle. Ideally, we'd have a video that is shot to present the : pitcher perfectly from the side, in line with third base, first base, and the : pitching rubber. Additionally, the video quality here is not great, and is : shot at 25-30 fps. For reasonably accurate planar static kinematic values, we : need a 90-degree shot, with 200+ frames per second video quality, and a : stable camera. We'll do what we can, with this note that parallax error and a : low sampling rate will both play significant roles in our analysis. : This a perfect reason why MLB teams should have a detailed video library of : all the pitchers and hitters they are interested in—shot with a checklist of : quality markers for analysis, using consumer-grade high-speed cameras. 这些影片跟许多网路上所能找到的影片一样，是从选手旁边且由上往下略微倾斜的角度所 拍摄。一般来说，如果要清楚录制投手的投球动作影像，最理想的角度是从投手版为起点 ，平行向外延伸至三垒及一垒，在这两条平行线的角度对投手拍摄最佳。另外，我所使用 的影片品质也不够好，一秒所拍摄的图像为25-30幅；就运动学上来说，若要拍摄真正具 有讨论价值及正确的影像，我们需要从九十度的角度、并使用每秒可拍摄超过两百张分格 照片的高速摄影机，所拍摄的照片品质才够标准。在照片的角度视差及较低的拍摄速率两 大不足下，我们尽我们所能针对Hultzen的投球动作进行清楚且明确的分析。 对大联盟球队来说，这是一个绝佳的理由去针对自己感兴趣的投手及打者建立一个完整且 精确的影像资料库，因为拿来分析用的照片必须使用高水准的高速摄影机撷取，才能针对 选手动作进行有价值的研究分析。 : The metrics with which we'll grade Danny Hultzen can all be found in various : baseball research papers and represent elite (MLB) pitchers who have been : biomechanically analyzed by various researchers and groups, and who have : generally been injury-free. No guarantees can be made, as the participants in : studies are subject to health privacy laws, and various selection biases may : have been introduced. However, these metrics are all based on scientific : research and are not invented by someone with personal bias. They are also : not qualitative—there will be no measurement of a "fast arm action," a : definition that might mean many different things to many different people. 我们拿来评量Danny Hultzen的各项衡量标准，可以在各式各样的棒球研究报告找到，这些 标准能呈现出那些职业生涯中没有伤病困扰的顶尖大联盟投手，历年来被各式各样研究人 员及团体所进行的种种动作及力学分析数据。没有人保证这样做就一定不会出状况，而且 许多的选定偏差也会随之出现。然而，这些评量标准都是基於科学研究所产生，并非由特 定某人所独创，因此不具有个人偏见。这些评量标准也并非定量--就像对「fast arm action」没有一个明确的衡量标准，因为这类的定义会因为不同人而有不同的标准。 : -Maximum Knee Height (absolute and relative to height) : -Degrees of Shoulder Abduction at Foot Contact : -Degrees of Lead Knee Angle at Foot Contact : -Stride Length at Foot Contact (absolute and relative to height) : -Degrees of Maximum External Rotation (MER) : -Degrees of Lead Hip Flexion at Ball Release （衡量标准，下面一一翻出） : Maximum Knee Height 最大膝高（投手立足腿之脚底至抬起腿的膝盖高度） （测量数据误差未知） : Nolan Ryan once said that the higher he lifted his glove leg, the harder he : could throw. While this statement might not have a lot of absolute merit to : contributing to fastball velocity, research does back up the concept of a : fairly large maximum knee height being prevalent amongst the top tier of : baseball pitchers. Nolan Ryan曾经说过当他将左腿举得越高，他将的球速就会丢得越快（glove leg应该是投 手投球时抬起的那条腿，因为右投是左手戴手套举左腿、左投是右手戴手套举右腿）。然 而这样的陈述在研究人员根据研究结果归纳出下面这个说法後，可能没有太多参考价值： 研究数据指出大联盟顶尖层级的投手，在抬腿高度这部分都具有相当的水平。 （这一段翻的不好，但大意应该是这样） : Danny Hultzen's maximum lead knee height is approximately 55.25 inches, good : for 73.6 percent of his standing height of 75 inches (error unknown). Most : research indicates that the best pitchers have a maximum knee height between : 60-70 percent of their standing height. Danny Hultzen的最大抬腿高度约为55.25英寸，达到他身高的73.6％（身高75寸），多 数的研究指出大联盟优秀投手的最大抬腿高度为身高的60%～70％。 : Stride Foot Contact Metrics : At foot contact, there's a lot of stuff going on that we're measuring. : Hultzen's... 跨步定量数据 在跨步这个部分，我们测量了许多部分，Hultzen的数据如下： : Shoulder Abduction (think: height of elbow) is about 93 degrees (error : unknown). Research suggests elite pitchers are generally between 80-100 : degrees at this phase of the delivery. 肩膀角度（投球肩膀与身体所形成的角度）约为93度，研究人员指出大联盟优秀投手在 挥臂这个动作跟身体形成的角度介於80-100度之间。 : Lead Knee Angle is about 139 degrees (error unknown). Research suggests : elite pitchers are generally between 125-140 degrees at this phase of the : delivery. 前腿角度（膝盖弯曲角度）约为139度，研究人员指出大联盟优秀投手在前腿跨步这动作 介於125-140度之间。 : Stride Length is about 42.88 inches or 57 percent of his standing height. : (error unknown). Research suggests elite pitchers generally stride 75-90 : percent of their standing height. 跨步距离约为42.88英寸，达到他身高的57％，研究人员指出大联盟优秀投手在这个动作 通常达到他们身高的75%～90％之间。 : Maximum External Rotation (MER) 最大肩关节外转角度（看图片应该是这样翻） : Maximum External Rotation (MER) is actually a pretty big misnomer; it : describes the angle at which the forearm "lays back" during the pitching : delivery. This is due to a rapid turn of the shoulders as the inertial mass : of the baseball pushes the hand and forearm back. The problem with the term : is that "shoulder external rotation" describes the humerus rotating : backwards, while in reality scapular tilt is providing a significant amount : of the "external rotation" during this phase. It is, therefore, multiple : components being measured as a single thing. Scapular tilt is hard to measure : without markers on the scapula and a bridge connecting them, and so : researchers have just grouped these variables together; it's stuck ever : since. Evidence suggests that scapular tilt varies between overhead throwing : athletes, so comparing MER between athletes may introduce a gross error based : on anatomical and congenital differences between the two. 最大肩关节外转角度（MER）实际上是个非常大的误称：这是指投手投球时，戴手套的手回 转至腋下这个动作时，肩膀向下倾斜所形成的角度。这个角度是由於投手在投球时，前臂 回转至腋下的惯性动作带动肩膀快速旋转所形成。在这个连环动作造成了一个问题称为 「肩膀外转角度」：投手投球时，肱骨会向後旋转，在这个投球的阶段中，肩胛(骨)会倾 斜出一个角度，这个角度称为外转角度。於是在这个投球动作的过程中，许多部分被取出 被测量成一个单一数据。肩胛骨的倾斜角度如果没有针对投球动作去画线测量，很难被计 算出来，因此研究人员便把这许多变量集合在一起，从此便集合在一起探讨。数据显示肩 胛(骨)的倾斜角度会随着投球手臂举过头顶的高度而变化。由於投手之间身体结构及天生 素质的差异性，比较不同投手之间的MER，或许会产生不同的总体误差， : But enough naysaying and biomechanical nerd-jargon. Hultzen's MER is about : 197 degrees (error unknown) based on the best video frame I could find that : showed the maximum "layback" possible. Research suggests that elite pitchers : tend to range from 170-190 degrees of "MER" throughout the delivery. But enough naysaying and biomechanical nerd-jargon。（这句是我整篇文章唯一一 整句看不懂讲什麽的Orz）Hultzen的 MER达到197度，这是根据我所蒐集到最清楚的照片 ，测量出可能的最大MER。研究人员指出大联盟优秀投手在这个动作所形成的角度介於 170-190度之间。 : A few more words on MER: How MER is achieved, and is not controlled in these : studies. The rate at which the forearm enters "maximum external rotation" : (which I will now call "maximum forearm layback," or MFL) is vitally : important when trying to solve for kinetic derivations like joint torque, : which is ultimately responsible for the total and peak stressors on the : body's structures. MFL itself tells us just one thing out of many factors : that make up the important parts of the just that phase of the delivery—rate : of MFL (rMFL) is very important as well, and this cannot be determined using : standard-definition 30 frames per second video. （上面那一段是在讨论一些定义跟动作的专门英文，我就跳过不翻了，要看懂应该不难） : Hip Flexion 躯体与前跨腿的角度（字面上翻髋部弯曲，不过文章里不是测量这部分） : At ball release, Hultzen's lead hip flexion is about 100 degrees (error : unknown). Research suggests that elite pitchers tend to be between 92-115 : degrees of hip flexion at ball release. 投出球後，Hultzen躯体与前跨腿的角度为100度。研究人员指出大联盟优秀投手在投球後 这个动作所形成的角度介於92-115度之间。 : Wrapping it Up : By all the basic research standards that we chose (except for stride length), : Danny Hultzen has the biomechanical markers of an elite pitcher. A coach : might suggest that Hultzen increase his stride length to increase his : fastball velocity, but no research has correlated these two specific : variables, regardless of what popular Internet pitching coaches will tell you. 根据所有我们所选择的身体力学研究指标，除了跨步幅度不够以外，Danny Hultzen拥有 成为一个大联盟顶尖投手的条件。教练可能会建议Hultzen增加他的跨步幅度以增加他的 速球速度，但是除了那些网路上自认为是投教的乡民外，没有研究显示跨步幅度与球速 之间的关联性为正相关。 : This article should help shine on a light on what is necessary to maintain : even a basic video library for crude biomechanical analysis techniques, and : illustrate the limitations of planar biomechanical analysis of static : kinematic variables. A three-dimensional approach using synchronized : high-speed cameras is a far better tool to evaluate the kinematics and : kinetics of baseball pitchers, to assess red flags in a pitcher's delivery, : to help unlock fastball velocity and increase durability. As I said in my : first article for The Hardball Times, Driveline Baseball is working hard at : developing a low-cost mobile solution that could easily be implemented in a : team's stadium like PITCHf/x. （下面在讲一些用高速摄影机拍摄投手投球影片，以及分析投球姿势的部分，还有提到 Driveline Baseball这个网站，我就跳过不翻了） 我一直觉得这篇文章很有意思，所以花了点时间翻译，不过因为牵扯 到一些力学的部分，在翻译上有点吃力，翻得也有点久，大概花了快 一个小时吧，有些部分可能不是那麽精准，欢迎大家指正。<(_ _)> 然後我颇为好奇的是： Danny Hultzen的投球动作，是经过自己身体 习惯＋教练调效达到这样的姿势，还是教练真的是按照这样的统计数 据去修正的？如果是前者，或许我们真的选到了一块璞玉；如果是後 者，我会建议JZ赶快开份合约给 Hultzen的大学教练....XDrz --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 114.24.52.172 ※ 编辑: lovejeely 来自: 114.24.52.172 (06/11 22:20) ※ 编辑: lovejeely 来自: 114.24.51.165 (06/12 13:59)