http://tinyurl.com/84xqtdq EVERY PITCHER no matter his age, generates enough force on each pitch to rupture the ulnar collateral ligament in his elbow. It's a scary thought, for sure, but also an easy one to forget in the idyllic, emerald-grass setting that is Viera, Fla. Though Washington Nationals spring training has only just begun, a healthy crowd has turned out to watch fireballer Stephen Strasburg throw today's bullpen. It's been 18 months since the Nationals star underwent Tommy John surgery -- the reconstruction of that oh-so-delicate UCL -- at the age of 22; note the four-inch scar on the inside of his right elbow. Strasburg, who's known for touching 100 mph, doesn't disappoint. The fans, with their noses pressed through the chain-link fence, are thrilled. The Nationals, with their $15 million starter back on the mound after a year on the disabled list, couldn't be happier. He looks exactly the same as he did before his elbow blew up. 所有的投手，不管年纪大小，都能使出足够的力量弄断自己的手肘韧带。这想来很可怕， 但在绿草如茵的佛州球场上却也很容易被忘记。国民的春训才刚开始，但已有不少观众 要来看小史的牛棚练投。自他手术以来已经过了18个月 - 来重建那超~脆弱的韧带 - 在22岁那年。这在她他右手肘内侧留下一道4寸的伤疤。能喷出100mph的小史没让大家失 望。紧贴着护栏的球迷也高潮了。看到投资了15M的小史成功归队，国民比谁都更加高兴 。他看起来就像受伤前一样。 And therein lies the problem. 但这就是问题所在。 Thirty-seven baseball seasons have passed since orthopedic surgeon Frank Jobe performed the first UCL reconstruction on Dodgers southpaw Tommy John, whose name would become synonymous with the procedure. At the time, John was 31 years old with 124 wins and 11 seasons under his belt. He never threw heat like Strasburg, instead relying on a bottom-out sinker that forced ground balls. But the two pitchers -- as well as many others who have undergone UCL reconstruction -- have one thing in common: a mechanical flaw in the timing of their deliveries that causes the arm to lag behind the rest of the body, putting extra stress on the shoulder and elbow. 自Frank Jobe帮Tommy John动手术以来已经过了37个球季。当年，John是31岁已经投了 11季拿下124胜的投手。他不像小史一样火，而是靠伸卡来制造滚地球。但这两人 - 和其他动韧带重建手术的投手 - 有一点相同: 在投球时出手时间差的问题使手臂落在 身体之後，让肩膀和手肘承受更多压力。 John wasn't told any of that in 1974, but he did learn the UCL connects the ulna in the forearm to the humerus in the upper arm and acts as the elbow's primary stabilizer. He also knew from fellow Dodger Sandy Koufax, who had retired in 1966 at age 30 after a short but brilliant career, that a damaged UCL meant you were done. What Jobe proposed to John sounded both crazy and simple: replacing his torn left UCL with a tendon graft from his right wrist. Though the physician gave him only a one-in-100 chance of returning to baseball, John liked the slim odds better than the idea of working at his buddy's car dealership back home in Terre Haute, Ind. So the surgeon sliced through the muscle on the inside of the pitcher's left elbow to expose his shredded UCL, drilled holes in the ulna and humerus and threaded the graft from John's opposite wrist through them in a figure-8 pattern. Then he sutured the remnants of John's original UCL to the graft for added strength, whispered a few words of encouragement and closed up. John在1974时不知道这些。但他知道UCL连结前臂的尺骨到上臂的肱骨并且是手肘的主要 稳定者。他也从前辈Koufax短暂的生涯中了解到，UCL受伤代表生涯终结。Jobe向John提 出的方案挺起来简单又疯狂: 把他左手肘的UCL用右手腕的肌腱替换掉。虽然医师只开给 他百分之一重回球界的机率，但他喜欢这个机率多过在他朋友的售车中心工作。所以医生 把他的左手肘切开，露出受伤的韧带在尺骨和肱骨上打洞，然後用新肌腱以八字形方式穿 过。接着他缝合John剩余的UCL到肌腱上来增加强度，说上几句鼓励的话然後缝合。 Eighteen months later, John defied the odds and returned to baseball. Jobe's procedure soon proved so successful that it became the norm. Today, about 50 active major league pitchers have undergone Tommy John surgery -- around one in seven. 18个月後，John战胜机率重回球场。Jobe的手术成功到成了例行公事。今天，约有50位 现役大联盟投手动过TJ手术 - 七分之一的比例。 Despite the inevitable yearlong stint on the DL that rehab from the surgery requires, teams and pitchers seem to barely flinch at the diagnosis of a compromised UCL. "It's become an accepted side effect of the job," says George Paletta, the Cardinals' head team physician and orthopedic surgeon. That's because the surgery works; 92 percent of elite pitchers with reconstructed UCLs return to their prior level of competition for at least a year. 尽管有一年无法避免的复健期，球队和球员似乎不太害怕听到UCL受伤的诊断。 "这成了工作时可接受的副作用" 红雀队医George Paletta表示。这是因为手术有效 - 92%的优秀投手回到受伤前的状态至少一年。 As miraculous as that sounds, it masks a loaded situation. To understand the epidemic of UCL injuries, The Mag interviewed dozens of biomechanics experts, pitching coaches, coaches for hire, pitchers and front office personnel. (Only a handful of major league pitching coaches accepted our interview requests.) The picture that emerges is of baseball at war with itself over the health of its arms. In one corner stands a cottage industry of scientists and biomechanics-promoting coaches who study motion for a living and have determined, through high-speed video analysis, that the sport's ignorance of arm-saving science is a shameful oversight. In the other is major league baseball, which, with rare and fleeting exceptions, clings to a deep-rooted tradition: If it ain't broke -- or can be fixed after a year on the DL -- don't fix it. 虽然听起来如此神奇，但它模糊了一个重点。为了了解UCL受伤的流行，ESPN杂志访问了 数位生物力学专家、投手教练、投手、和制服组成员。 (只有少数大联盟投教接受访问) 结果显示了棒球和手臂健康间的战争。一边是一群科学家和科学化的教练，以高速摄影机 ，分析出球界对手臂健康科学的忽视。另一边则是奉行传统的大联盟 - 如果它还没坏掉 --- 或是可以用一年的DL来修补 --- 那就不要动它。 "The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." -- multiple biomechanics experts interviewed for this story "疯狂的定义就是重复做同样的事情却期待不同的结果" - 数位受访的生物力学家 To throw a baseball properly, a pitcher must get into the right position at the right time with the right succession of movements, like dominoes falling. Disruptions in this kinetic chain, as experts call it, cause problems at the weakest link, most often the elbow or shoulder. 要适当投出球，投手必须要连续在对的时间做出对的动作，像骨牌倒塌一样。当连续 动作被打乱，就会在最脆弱的连结产生问题，常常是在手肘或是肩膀。 Problems usually begin below the waist. The most telling moment in a pitcher's delivery, for instance, is the foot strike. When the foot makes contact with the mound, the pitching arm must be up and ready to throw. A righthanded pitcher should be showing the baseball to the shortstop, a lefty to the second baseman. (Among active hurlers, Cliff Lee is a good example.) But if a pitcher's elbows come higher than his wrists and shoulders, with the ball pointing down, he's demonstrating an "inverted W" -- a sign that his sequence is off and he's fighting his own body. Such poor timing leads to arm lag, evident when the throwing elbow trails the shoulder once the shoulders square to home plate. Strasburg exhibits both problems, forcing him and others like him to rely more on the arm's relatively small muscles instead of the more massive ones in the legs and torso. Throw after throw, the shoulder and elbow are under extra stress. The higher the pitch's velocity and the worse the flaw, the more the arm suffers. And the more a pitcher throws, the worse it gets. 问题通常发生在腰部以下。举例来说，最显着的时机，是在跨步。当脚接触到地面时， 手臂就要抬高并准备好要出手。右投手要将球面向游击手，左投则面向二垒手。 但如果投手的手肘高於肩膀和手腕时，就是所谓的"倒W"，这就是一个顺序错乱的讯号。 这样不佳的时间掌握使手臂落在肩膀之後。小使这两个问题都有，使他和其他类似的投手 要更加依赖手臂的小肌肉而非腿和身体的大肌肉。长此以往，肩膀和手肘要承受更多的 压力。球速愈快或缺陷愈大，则手臂承受的压力愈多。而投得愈多，情况愈糟。 Arm lag and improper sequencing were likely to blame for Strasburg's UCL tear, as well as for those of almost everyone else knocked out by the injury. "The timing is subtle," says the American Sports Medicine Institute's Glenn Fleisig, who has analyzed more than 2,000 pitchers and is one of the world's foremost authorities on pitching biomechanics. "It's the difference between good and great and healthy and injury-waiting-to-happen." 手臂延迟和不良的时间掌握很可能是小史和其他手肘受伤的投手的原因。"timimg是关键" 研究超过两千位投手的投球力学权威Glenn Fleisig表示。 "这是健康和未爆弹的差别" Strasburg was probably in trouble from the get-go. He didn't rupture his UCL on one pitch with the Nationals -- even if a pitcher feels a pop on a particular pitch, his UCL was anything but pristine before the incident. Like a rope, Strasburg's UCL probably started to fray the moment he began pitching off a mound, the extra height of which can compound the stress of each pitch. It likely got worse not only because of his mechanics. Kids who throw the hardest pitch the most: They get hitters out. Famed orthopedic surgeon James Andrews, who founded ASMI in 1987, says he has seen a five- to sevenfold increase in high schoolers requiring UCL reconstruction since 2000. 小史也许一开始就惹上麻烦了。他并不是在国民时投的某一球弄换了他的UCL -- 即使 投手感觉某球让手臂发生了什麽事，他的UCL其实和事件发生前一样。就像一条绳子一般 ，小史的UCL也许在他上丘投球时就开始受损了，投手丘的高度加重了投球的压力。使情 况恶化的不只是投球机制。愈快的小孩投得愈多。知名外科医生James Andrews表示，他 观察到从2000来动手术的高中生约有5-7倍的增加。 "The No. 1 risk factor for UCL injuries is poor mechanics," he says. "The No. 2 factor is overuse. And if you overuse with poor mechanics, you're doomed." "一号原因是不良的机制" 他说 "二号原因则是过度使用。而当你动作不良又过度使用时， 那就掰了" God-given genetic superiority and freakish athletic ability often help those with less-than-ideal pitching mechanics make it to the majors, which is why you will find shockingly few exemplars of pitching mechanics on Sunday Night Baseball. "Everyone knows smoking is bad for you, yet people still smoke," says Yankees pitching coach Larry Rothschild. "It's the same with pitching. I've seen guys who don't have great mechanics pitch for a long time. The body adjusts." 天分常常会帮助那些动作不太优良的投手上到大联盟，这是为什麽在周日晚间棒球中很少 看到模范机制。 "大家都知道抽菸不好，但人们还是一抽再抽" 洋基投教 Larry Rothschild说 "投球也是一样。我看过机制不好的投手有长久的生涯。身体会适应" Until it doesn't. 直到没办法为止 "You have to be open-minded. Closed minds don't make progress." -- Rangers president Nolan Ryan "你必须要保持开阔的心胸。保守的思想不会造成进步" - Nolan Ryan To anybody involved with the biomechanical analysis of pitching, it's difficult to imagine a world without it. To anybody even half interested in baseball, it's also difficult to understand why it's not more accepted at the sport's highest levels. 对研究投球生物力学的人来说，很难想像一个没有生物力学存在的世界。而对棒球有些 兴趣的球迷来说，也很难理解为什麽这些研究没在最高殿堂更被广泛接受。 For more than a hundred years, pitching mechanics have been evaluated at 32 frames per second -- the best the human eye provides. A pitcher's delivery, from first movement to ball release, can take as little as 1.4 seconds. In that tiny window, coaches, scouts and fathers try to assess dozens of variables, such as "hip and shoulder separation" and "pitching arm external and internal rotation." It's a tall order, if not an impossible one. "What the eyes see and what actually takes place are two different things," says Tom House, a former big-leaguer-turned-pitching-coach who now heads the Rod Dedeaux Research and Baseball Institute at the University of Southern California. "You see reality when you see what happens at 1,000 frames per second. It's a humbling experience." 一百多年来，投球机制一直被以每秒32格的解析度来分析 - 最佳的目测。投手从启动 到出手的时间可以短到只有1.4秒。在这麽短的时间内，球探和老爸们试着要评估许多 变因，像是"腰转"和"手臂内外旋转"。这几乎是不可能的任务。"眼见不一定为凭" 知名投教Tom House表示 "在每秒1000格你看见事实。这是让人谦卑的经验。" The baseball community that makes a living off analyzing that reality is a quirky lot. Some are mechanical or biomedical engineers, like Fleisig. Some are retired pro pitchers, like House and Cy Young winner Mike Marshall, who has a Ph.D. in exercise physiology. Some are kinesiologists. Some are even self-taught, like coach-for-hire Alan Jaeger, who helps clients "merge the mechanics of the Western athlete with the insight of the Far Eastern mind." Their approaches vary, but they all believe that by addressing a pitcher's biomechanics and physics, they can improve performance and decrease injury. Not that they always agree. For example, Marshall advocates an ultrahigh arm slot. Jaeger is an advocate of long toss to build arm strength and stretches pitchers out as far as 380 feet. They find each other's untraditional approaches controversial and often fail to present a completely united front. While the small particulars they disagree on nearly bring them to fisticuffs, all agree that any flaw that disrupts the timing of a pitcher's kinematic sequence is problematic. 研究(投球机制)的是群奇怪的组成。有西式生医工程师，例如Fleisig。有些是退休职业 投手，向House和前赛扬得主Mike Marshall，後者有运动医学博士学位。有些是人体动力 学家。有些甚至是自学，像教导学员"融合西方体能和东方神秘力量(?)"的Alan Jaeger 教练。方式各异，但都相信藉由调整投手的机制可以达到提升表现和降低伤病的目标。 他们意见不一定一致。举例来说，Marshall提倡超高出手点，Jaeger提倡长传来建立手臂 强度，距离可长达380尺。他们发现各自的非传统建议互相冲突而无法达成一致的共识。 虽然这些争议点让他们差点大打出手，他们都同意干涉timing的缺陷是个问题。 Collectively, their research can be as persuasive as it is cutting edge. A total of 2,000 pitchers -- including six future Cy Young winners -- have visited Andrews and Fleisig at ASMI's lab. Using a camera-and-computer system that three-dimensionally tracks data from reflective markers affixed to a pitcher's body as he throws, ASMI takes 41 measurements; think of it as an MRI of the pitching delivery. Afterward, Fleisig compiles a detailed report called a Biomechanics Evaluation about the pitcher that diagnoses problems with annotated video stills and recommends solutions. "When pitchers are young, they're receptive and willing to fix problem areas," says Reds minor league pitching coordinator Mark Riggins, who made several trips to ASMI while working with the Cubs. Crucially, the packet compares the pitcher to the exemplars in ASMI's database who threw the hardest without injury. 总的来说，他们的研究既有说服力又走在尖端。2000位投手 - 包括六位後来的赛扬得主 - 曾来到Andrews和Fleisig的ASMI实验室。用3D摄影/电脑系统，ASMI从每位投手身上取 41个测量数据。把它想像成是台投球动作的MRI吧。之後，Fleisig整理出一份详细的投手 分析报告，上附检测出的问题和建议解决方式。"当投手年轻时，他们会愿意改进问题" 红人小联盟投球指导Mark Riggins表示。他在小熊工作时曾数次来到ASMI。最重要的， 报告会进行投手和ASMI数据库中的模范健康火球投手的比较。 And yet despite the stature of Andrews and Fleisig, only about one-tenth of ASMI's clients played pro ball at any level. When pros do visit, they often find the screening advantageous. Braves pitcher Tim Hudson spent the early part of his career in Oakland, where pitching coach Rick Peterson, a biomechanics guru, took him to ASMI for mapping. "I think it's a great test," says Hudson. "You can do it when you're pitching really well, and then, if you struggle or have pain" -- Hudson himself later had Tommy John surgery, from overuse -- "do it again. Instead of trying to eyeball it with regular video, you can actually use the science to compare the two." Fleisig also recalls CC Sabathia and Cliff Lee visiting in the early 2000s as promising young Cleveland Indians; he's mum on the details, but they soon became two of baseball's most dominant pitchers. 但即使是Andrews和Fleisig这般的声望，只有十分之一的客户是职业选手。当职业选手 拜访时，他们常常发现这样的检测很有帮助。Tim Hudson早年在运动家队时，投教Rick Peterson就带他前往ASMI。"我想这是很好的测试" "你可以在投得很好的时候来做，然後 当低潮或受伤时" -- Hudson後来因过度使用动TJ手术 -- "再做一次。和看一般的影片相 比，这里可以使用科学来比较"。Fleisig回忆起当年CC Sabathia和Cliff Lee还是印地安 人新锐时也曾到过这里。他没透露细节，但後来这两人成了球界中最好的投手。 Such an analysis reveals, for example, an issue late in the delivery -- such as a tilted head position -- that biomechanics-minded coaches address much earlier in the pitching motion, just as an engineer would need to right a listing skyscraper at its foundation rather than at the 15th floor. The pitching coach also creates a full program of mechanical drills tailored to correct nearly all woes, even a habit like arm lag. "With an approach that includes strength training and mechanics, there's not much you can't fix," says independent pitching coach and former scout Paul Reddick. 这样的分析让生物力学系统的教练可及早修正投球机制上的问题，就像工程师居要在地基 就排好摩天大楼的骨架而不是到15楼才排。投手教练也可建立一套可以调整几乎所有缺陷 的训练系统，包括向手臂延迟这样的习惯。 "当融合了重训和投球机制，几乎没有不能修 改的部分" 独立投教Paul Reddick说。 "I'm not going to let new-school ways get in the way of my old-school thinking. I don't need biomechanics. I have experience. I have my eyes. I just watch and look." -- White Sox pitching coach Don Cooper "我不会让新方式干扰我的旧思维。我不需要生物力学。我有经验。我有眼睛。我只需要 看和观察" - 白袜投教Don Cooper Baseball, it's been said, is the only thing besides the paper clip that hasn't changed. And in the case of MLB pitching mechanics, the status quo is stickier than pine tar. Whether you're a pitcher, scout, coach or GM, the goal is to keep your job and win baseball games -- not shift paradigms. 有人说，棒球是唯一除了回纹针之外没有改变过的东西。而在大联盟的投球机制中， 现状比松焦油还黏。不管你是投手、球探、教练或GM，目标就是保住工作和赢球 -- 不是改变范例。 Take major league pitching coaches. They're paid to get outs. They spend hours looking at pitch charts, spray charts and video of opposing hitters. They develop a plan of attack for each batter and help their pitchers execute that game plan. They work with trainers on a throwing program, preside over bullpen sessions and manage workloads. Occasionally, they'll make adjustments to a delivery or change the mechanics of a certain pitch to make it better or more deceptive, but their main priority never changes: Send the man at the plate back to the dugout. 以投教来说，他们是要让打者出局。他们花时间在分析对手打者的弱点和帮助投手执行 比赛策略。他们和训练员建立投球课程，主持牛棚练投和调节工作量。有时，他们会帮 助修正姿势或改变特定球路的机制使其更好。但他们的主题一直不变: 送打者回去休息 室。 As such, they're more equipped to assess an opposing lineup's tendency to chase the low-and-away fastball than to address the effects of vectors and valgus stress on their pitchers. The vast majority of MLB pitching coaches, who don't have scientific backgrounds, don't speak biomechanics -- and it doesn't speak to them. 比起调整投手的姿势，他们被训练为更适合去研究对手打线的特性。大多数MLB的投教 ，没有科学背景，不会谈生物力学 -- 也不被其所说服。 According to Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan, the president of the Rangers, MLB pitching coaches can find the new scientific knowledge threatening. "Maybe they don't know how to approach it," he says. "So they just don't." When Ryan began pitching for the Rangers at age 42, House was his pitching coach; the aging ace quickly became a biomechanics believer and worked with the coach, whom he later thanked in his Cooperstown induction speech, to constantly refine his mechanics. "I had to because of age and because of new info," Ryan says. "If I thought it would help, I'd put it in my routine." 根据游骑兵老板Nolan Ryan指出，MLB投教发现科学知识很有威胁性。"也许只是他们不知 道该怎麽面对。所以就说'不'" 。当Ryan以42岁高龄帮游骑兵投球时，House是他的投教。 这位老王牌很快就成了生物力学的信徒并和投教一起研究。他後来在名人堂入选演说时 特别感谢House那时帮他做的机制调整。"因为年纪和新资讯的关系我必须要这麽做。如果 我觉得这有帮助，我就会把它放进日常训练中" It's practically an unwritten law in baseball that the majors are not the place to make big mechanical changes. The rare times coaches push for them, it's in the minors. "When you're interviewing pitching coaches," says former Reds and Nationals general manager Jim Bowden, who's now with ESPN, "if they're mechanically oriented, you hire them for rookie ball or Low-A ball, where they can make tweaks before pitchers succeed." 球界的不成文规定是大联盟不是给投手大改造的地方。少数要大修时地点是在小联盟。 前红人和国民GM Jim Bowden表示 "面试投教时，如果他们是机制导向的，就雇用他们 到新人或低阶1A联盟，在那里他们才能在投手成名前进行修改" But the more success pitchers have, the less incentive anybody has to correct their approach. "Once they reach the majors, they're pretty set into their deliveries," says the Reds' Riggins. "With big leaguers, I don't talk much about changing mechanics." If a coach risks changing a pitcher's mechanics and he gets hit or hurt, it's the coach's fault; if he leaves a pitcher alone and he gets hurt, it's because the pitcher already had a bad arm. If a team can win in the interim, like the Giants have done with Tim Lincecum and his radically tilted delivery -- which critics view as a time bomb -- it's managed to get its money's worth. "That's exactly the theory," concedes Astros pitching coach Doug Brocail. "It works until it doesn't." 但投手愈成功，修改动作的动机就愈低。Riggins表示 "当上大联盟後，动作就固定了" 如果教练改动作结果投手废掉，那是教练的错。如果让投手保持原样而受伤，则是投手 自己的问题。如果球队下对赌注，像巨人队的Lincecum和他的暴力姿势 -- 批评者将其 视为是定时炸弹 -- 球队就得到他们要的报酬。 "这就是全部的理论" 太空人投教 Doug Brocail承认 "直到不能运行为止" Experts with biomechanics backgrounds find this approach painfully illogical. "Baseball is a game of failure coached by negative people in an environment of misinformation," says House. Not surprisingly, pitching coaches who preach biomechanics rarely crack the bigs. They say what they think, which is often that pitchers need to change the mechanics they've been throwing with since grade school. 生物力学的专家发现这个方法极度缺乏逻辑。"棒球是在错误资讯的环境下，失败者被 负面的人所指导的游戏" House说。不意外的，鼓吹生物力学的投教很少到达大联盟。 他们说他们想说的吧，内容常常是要投手改变自小以来的投球动作。 In MLB's defense, the research has yet to reach a level at which it can predict and prevent every UCL blowout. "There's a lot of data," says a skeptical Bowden. "But even with all the research that's been done, you still can't perfectly articulate who will get hurt and when it will happen." 在大联盟的立场，研究还不能完全防止所有的UCL受伤。"有很多数据没错" Bowden怀疑道 "但就算有至今为止所有的研究，你还是不能明确指出什麽时候谁会受伤" So teams are hesitant to stick their toes in the pool -- and few, if any, want to really swim. At ASMI, Fleisig estimates that in the past decade, 20 of the 30 teams have brought at least one player to be mapped, but they usually bring only prospects. Even then they don't always use the information. Fleisig tells the story of a team that brought a major league pitcher to see him in 2005. After the evaluation, Fleisig told the team that the pitcher's mechanics increased his risk of injury; his elbow was above his shoulders when he squared to home plate. But the player, who later had labrum surgery, claims the club never told him about his analysis or helped him make adjustments. Only after he was traded did his new team finally address his delivery issues. 所以球队还不想下水 -- 更少球队想游泳。在ASMI，Fleisig估计在过去十年，有20支球队 带了至少一人来进行测试，但被带来的多半是新秀。即使如此他们也不一定会应用得到的 资讯。Fleisig说了一个2005年的故事: 当年有支球队带了一个大联盟投手来测试，测试 结果是他的动作会增加受伤的机率。但这位球员表示他的旧球队从来没告诉他这项讯息， 直到转队後新球队才告诉他投球机制的问题。 It would require a risk-taking franchise to explode the status quo. A GM would need biomechanics experts, coaches who listen to them and an owner who believes the forward-thinking approach will save his pitchers' arms -- as well as millions in payroll. Baltimore GM Dan Duquette may be that man. In January, he hired Peterson as the Orioles' director of pitching development. 这需要一个勇於冒险的球团来破坏现状。GM需要生物力学专家，会听他们话的教练和相信 前卫思考可以保护投手手臂 -- 和数百万元薪资 -- 的老板。金莺GM Dan Duquette或许就 是那个人。在一月，他雇用Peterson来当金莺的投手指导长。 "I really think our industry is behind the times," says Peterson, who believes his tenures with the Mets and Brewers were short-lived because of his propensity for applying biomechanical analysis to change his pitchers' deliveries. During spring training, Peterson invited ASMI to map 37 Orioles pitchers, including the team's major leaguers. "This is now the philosophical path this organization is going in," he says. "The format of those reports is so vital. What do you do with the pitcher after you get the report? That's where I come in. Other teams get the reports and go,'Now what?'" "我确实认为球界落後了" Peterson表示。他相信他在大都会和酿酒人的短暂生涯是由於 他在应用生物力学分析改变投手姿势的倾向。Peterson邀请ASMI分析金莺队的37位投手， 包括大联盟球员。"这是现在组织的哲学" 他说 "这些报告的格式很重要。在接到报告之後 你想对球员做什麽? 这就是我来到这里的原因。其他队接到报告後只会说'所以呢?'" In the meantime, as we all know, the rest of MLB's teams aren't doing nothing. They count pitches. The Nationals announced in late February that they'd limit Strasburg to 150 to 160 innings this season. Other pitchers who have had Tommy John surgery, such as Brian Wilson and Kerry Wood, work out of the bullpen to extend the life of their arms. Pitch counts are important to the biomechanics community -- Fleisig and Andrews championed the Little League decision to limit pitch counts nationwide in 2007. But pitch counts alone, they say, can't protect UCLs from poor mechanics. 在同时，我们知道其他MLB球队并不是没在做事。他们计算球数。国民在二月底宣布小史 今年有150-160的局数限制。其他动过TJ的投手，向Brian Wilson和Kerry Wood，则到牛棚 延长手臂寿命。球数在生物力学中很重要 - Fleisig和Andrews主导少棒联盟在2007 年制定的球数限制。但只有投球数限制，是无法保护UCL免於受糟糕的投球机制的摧残。 At best, they prolong the inevitable. 最好的情况，它们延迟了爆炸的时间 "I've been throwing this way my whole life. I'm not going to try to reinvent the wheel." -- Nationals pitcher Stephen Strasburg "我一直都是这样投球。我不会重新来个大改造" -- Stephen Strasburg Tommy John never did work at that car dealership back home in Indiana. His surgeon saved him. But it wasn't only the scalpel that made him -- to this day -- the most successful pitcher following UCL reconstruction. Tommy John从没到家乡的售车中心工作。他的医生救了他。但让他成为TJ手术後最佳存活 者的理由并不只有手术刀而已。 During rehab, John hooked up with his teammate, Mike Marshall. "The surgery worked for Tommy because I made him put his hand under the baseball," Marshall says. John acknowledges a change in grip. "If you move it to the side, the ball is pointing back when your hands break and you can come up nice and high," says John, who pitched another 14 years, won 164 games and retired at age 46. 在复健时，John向队友Mike Marshall讨教。"Tommy的手术很成功因为我教他把手保持在 球之下" Marshall说。John承认有做了握法上的改变。"如果你往侧面一点握，当投球时 球就会指向後方然後你可以保持在很好很高的位置上" John说。他又投了14年，赢了164 场比赛後在46岁时退休。 The Nationals hope that Strasburg, at 23, has an equally long career ahead of him. After all, he's brilliant. Following his yearlong rehab, Strasburg made five starts last September. He pitched 24 innings, with 24 strikeouts, just two walks and a 1.50 ERA. His command was good; 224 of his 328 pitches were strikes, the prettiest of which was a 99 mph, letter-high, 0-and-2 fastball that fanned Marlins slugger Giancarlo Stanton in the top of the first inning on Sept. 17. 国民希望小史也能有同样长的生涯在等着他。毕竟，他是那麽的出色。一年复健後， 小史在九月先发了五次，投24局24三振，只有2保送和1.50 ERA。他的控球很好: 328球 中有224球是好球。最漂亮的一球是在9月17日0-2时，一记99mph三振掉Giancarlo Stanton 的high-fastball。 But earlier in the game, Nationals TV analyst F.P. Santangelo recalled a one-inning stretch six days earlier when Strasburg was hitting only 92 and 93 on the radar gun, causing some concern inside the Beltway. "He's getting out front, and his arm was dragging," Santangelo said, referring to Strasburg's habitual arm lag, which takes more of a toll when the pitcher tires. Play-by-play man Bob Carpenter piped up a few innings later, relaying what Nationals pitching coach Steve McCatty had told him: "'I don't want to be the one that screws the kid up.'" And then: "He's scared to death every time Strasburg goes to pitch." 但比赛稍早，国民球评Santangelo回忆起六天前小史在某局只投到92-93mph，在圈子内 造成一些担忧。"他前面开掉了，而手臂没跟上" Santangelo说，意指小史习惯性的手臂 延迟，在投手疲劳时造成伤害。稍後转播员Bob Carpenter提到国民投教对他说的话 "我不想当弄坏这孩子的家伙" 然後 "每次他投球都让我吓得半死" He should be. Tommy John surgery isn't nearly as successful the second time. 他的确要担心。第二次TJ手术的成功率可就没那麽高了 --

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