这题已经困扰我很久了... 有请大大们相助! 是政大语言所95年的语概... III. Compare the PP phrases in (1) with those in (2) and come up with a hypothesis as to why only those in (1) can invert. (1) a. A lot of people stood on the stage. b. On the stage stood a lot of people. c. Three missionaries came to the village. d. To the village came three missionaries. (2) a. A lot of people sang on the stage. b. *On the stage sang a lot of people. c. Three missionaries preached to the village. d. *To the village preached three missionaries. 我有想过用X-bar theory 是不是因为(1)的PP都是complement 也就是与verb较近 而(2)的都是adjunct而以 因此inversion rule只能用在complement上 但是那个preached to the village就很头痛 因为adjunct应该是可以拿掉而不影响语意的 但查了字典 preach似乎没有单独出现的用法? 不然的话就可能是因为(1)里面的动词都是有agent"移动"的意思 所以可以invert? 这边我又很想把他narrow down讲说 在(1)PP里的NP都是agent的goal 但stood on the stage又好像不能这样说 因为goal 是 entity to which something moves... 如果是用动词语意上的差别来讲 那是否有专门的用语或理论来套用呢? 其实我有跑去问一位native speaker 是学校的美国文学老师 但当时她笑笑的指着Norton Anthology的Walt Whitman生平跟我说 也许他在诗里就会这麽写唷~(指的是有星号的那几个句子 = =) 不过我当时翻诗里的一个句子拿来当例子是 PP, PP, PP... journeys a coffin. 还原的话就会是A coffin journeys PP, PP, PP... 而这里的journey也跟stand和come一样有移动的动作 而最後老师还是很浪漫的笑着跟我说 这样的句子在诗里面都是有可能的~ 老师~这是语言学啊~~~~囧rz... by the way 当我念题目给她听时 On the stage sang a lot of people 她有觉得不对 但 To the village preached three missionaries 却没有觉得不对 是说其实这句不该打"*" 而是该打个"?"吗?? 最後再问一题>"< 也是政大的 夕阳西下 断肠人在天涯 The two lines constitute a sentence. Please draw the syntactic tree of the sentence. 看完先昏...囧 烦请各位大大解答啊~~ --

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