我也顺便问了Phonetics教授 Here's her reply, You are right that Mandarin 'p' lines up with English 'b' and Mandarin 'ph' with English 'p' so why is English described as a voicing language rather than an aspiration language? It is because there are other contexts to consider as well. E.g. in intervocalic position when the first vowel is stressed, English 'p' is not aspirated and 'b' is more voiced than in initial position. Basically, then, in English, aspiration is contextually-determined. But since one of the contexts in which it occurs is particularly salient (word-initial), there is a temptation to conclude that it is an aspiration language. ※ 引述《racquet (TC)》之铭言： : Ladefoged写English p b are essentially voiceless : 在transcribe英文时，用的IPA符号就是p和b (broad transcription) : 但在Mandarin，ㄆㄅ应该就是对应到英文的p b对吗? : 那为什麽在Mandarin的IPA Consonant Chart， : ㄆ是p aspirated (with h superscript)，而ㄅ是p : 而在台语的chart，b其实是用来代表像是"肉"这个音? : 为什麽英中两种语言要用不同符号transcribe基本上是一样的音? --

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