作者jonymin (市井小民)
看板LifeSci_95
标题[作业] 生态投影片
时间Wed May 6 16:28:12 2009
不知道老师会不会上传,但有人说要今天的照片
可惜拍的位置不佳是靠东拼西凑的,所以答应一些人整理後PO上来…
有缺漏的还望包含,也希望其他有照有抄的同学能帮忙补齐<(_ _)>感激不尽
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Robert MacArthur
Alfreed Lokta
V. Vlotera
C. E. Shannon
G. F. Gause
Robert Paine
Joseph Connell
Kathleen Keeler
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1.What are the interspecific relationship/interaction?
种间关系(interspecific relationship)
‧互利共生(Mutualism) + +
‧片利共生(Commensalism) + 0
‧片害共生(Amensalism) - 0
毒他作用(Allelopathy)
‧中性(Neutralism) 0 0
‧掠食(Predation) + -
‧植食(Herbivory) + -
‧寄生(Parasitism) + -
‧拟寄生(Parasitoidism) + -
‧竞争(Competition) - -
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2.What is a "community"?
群集(Community)
‧定义&特徵
。生物多样性
‧物种多样性、遗传多样性、生态多样性
‧结构
。生产者(Preoducer)
。消费者(Consumer)
。分解者(Decomposer)
。优势物种(Dominant species): 优势物种
。关键物种(Keystone species): 基石物种
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3.What is "niche"
‧Joseph Grinnel 1917
。Niche is sum of habitat requirements
‧Charles Elton 1927
。Niche is role of a species in food-web
‧Georgil Frantsevich Gause 1934
。No two species occupy the same niche
in the same environment for a long time
‧According to "Competition exclusion principle"
‧Eugene Odum 1953
。Distinguished "Niche" from "Habitat"
‧Habitat corresponds to the organism's address; niche to its profession
‧Evelyn Hutchinson 1959
。Niche is n-dimensional hyer-volume
(multi-dimensional resources)
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△竞争排斥(Competitive exclusion)
‧1934年,俄国生态学家高斯(G.F.Gause)
:草履虫实验 高中课本图(对应生态课本Fig.13.15)
‧1961年,美国加州大学教授康乃尔(Joseph Connell)
:大小藤壶实验 Fig.9.8
‧1980年,美国生态学家莫斯(Douglass Morse)
:黑喉绿林莺 v.s. 黄腰白喉林莺 Fig.1.2
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4.What is the mechanism for species to coexist in a community?
生态区位分化(Niche differentiation)
‧资源分化(Resourse Partitioning)
。时间划分(Temporal Partitioning)
‧昼行性、夜行性
。空间划分(Spatial Partitioning)
‧垂直分层、水平分层
‧特徵位置(Character displacement)
。型态分化(Morphological differentiation)
‧摄食构造、附肢构造
‧条件分化(Conditional Differentiation)
。Tilman's Rosource(1977)
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最後面没拍到了…以上如果真的想看照片的再跟我说…
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1F:推 charli:耶靠!!会不会太"即时"了,现在已经进化到Real-Time Ecology 05/06 17:42
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