※ 引述《buddhanature (应无所住，而生其心~!)》之铭言： : 玄奘翻译佛经的10个步骤 : 玄奘翻译佛经的步骤， 我们至今还采用， 在网上找到了一篇英文文章， 特张贴如下， : 供大家参考： : P.S.:鸠摩罗什译场300人，玄奘译场500人 : Xuan Zang, Possibly China's Greatest Translator 玄奘，应该是中国最伟大的翻译家 : His 10-stage quality control process initiated more than 1300 years ago is : far more thorough and exacting than any existing today. 他的十步骤的品管控制制度，在1300年以前成立，比现经任何制度都要周到准确。 : Introduction 简介 : Every Chinese, young and old, within and outside China, knows the classical : language rendering of the exploits of Xuan Zang, the pious Tang dynasty monk : and his three storybook disciples: the indestructible Monkey King, the Great : Sage; Brother Pig, the Eight Denials (of Buddhism); and Sand Monk, the third : disciple. In real life, Xuan Zang was a truly remarkable Buddhist monk. He : travelled on land, across mountains and deserts, through hostile and : uncharted territories, to the birthplace of Buddha in the Indian : sub-continent and thereafter returned to Chang’an (modern day Xi’an) with a : set of Buddhist sutras. The voluminous sutras were written in the extremely : difficult Sanskrit language. Together with his doyens of pupils, he completed : the translation of some 75 volumes of the sutras into an equally difficult : Chinese languages. 每一个中国人，不分老少，不管在海内外，都会知道这个跟玄奘有关的故事。 一个虔诚的唐朝法师，跟他的三个徒弟：无敌的猴子王，悟空；猪兄弟，八戒；和 沙悟净三位。在现实当中，玄奘真的是非常卓越的佛家法师。他穿山越岭的经过了 许多险恶环境的地方，最後抵达了佛祖出生的所在地印度，而後带着不少佛经 回到了长安(现今的西安)，这些经典内容都是以困难的梵文呈现。他与长久跟随他 的学生们一同将75部经翻译成一样很难懂得中文。 : The 10 Stages 十个步骤 : Buddhist sutras, translated into Chinese earlier than the Tang dynasty, were : difficult to read and comprehend because the responsible translators were all : Buddhist monks of non-Han Chinese origin. It took China several hundred years : to groom its own selection of Buddhist monks who could master both the : Sanskrit language and the complex Buddhism doctrines, which were written in : Sanskrit. And Xuan Zang was recognized as the foremost among them. He was : appointed chief of the Tang dynasty imperial translation centre. It was he : who designed and implemented a translation workflow that would guarantee the : quality of the final product. The process detailed below is well worth : adopting by any modern day translation team. 在唐朝以前翻译成中文的佛经比较深涩难懂，因为翻译者并不是汉人。经过了几百年 中国才出现有佛家法师能够同时懂梵文，而且懂得以梵文纪录的佛法。在这些法师 当中玄奘法师事最出色的，他也被唐朝的皇帝指派为翻译中心的翻译长。是他设计 与执行了一套完整的可确保最终品质的翻译流程。下列的流程值得现今任何翻译团 队参考。 : Stage 1 : Master Translator and Buddhism expert to jointly study and interpret the : original text written in Sanskrit. It could involve one or more persons. 第一步 翻译长跟佛学专家研讨原文内容，这可能会是多过一个人。 : Stage 2 : Members of the translation team to attend a recital of the text in question : by the Master Translator. The purpose is to verify the accuracy of the : interpretation undertaken in Stage 1. A recital is necessary because the : scriptures were originally written for recitation. 第二步 翻译团队的团员需要参加翻译长主导的朗诵。这是为了确认第一步过程的正确性。 朗诵是必要的，因为原文文体是写来朗诵的。 : Stage 3 : A team of junior translators produces the first Chinese draft from the : Sanskrit text. The draft includes is a transliteration of Sanskrit terms into : Chinese equivalents. 第三步 一队的资浅的翻译人员先做第一次的翻译草稿。草稿包含了把梵文的一些辞汇 转换成类似意义的中文 : Stage 4 : Production of a complete Chinese version by a senior Han Chinese Buddhist : monk trained to undertake scripture translation. This is the most important : stage in the entire process involving a monk with an in-depth knowledge of : Chinese culture and language. 第四步 由汉人资深受训过的佛家法师产出完整的中文版本。这是最重要的步骤， 需要这个法师对於中文与中国文化有深入了解。 : Stage 5 : Refinement of the complete Chinese version, construction and structure of : sentences. This is a necessary stage because of the vast linguistic : differences between the source and target language. 第五步 修边上一个步骤完成的中文翻译版本的架构与文句。这是个必要的步骤， 因为原文与翻译文两个文体有相当的不同。 : Stage 6 : Reverse translation of the Chinese version into Sanskrit in order to verify : the accuracy in the interpretation of the original text. Mistakes in : interpretation are to be promptly rectified in the Chinese version. 第六步 将翻译好的中文版本，转翻回梵文，以确认翻译的正确性。 找到的错误在中文版本会及时修正。 : Stage 7 : Review of the verified Chinese version to identify errors in usage of : characters, and refinement in linguistic expressions to improve readability. 第七步 检查中文版是否有错别字，同时加强文句使翻译版本更容易阅读。 : Stage 8 : Further polishing to improve the literary beauty of the language, adding : linguistic colours to the otherwise monotonous writing. 第八步 美化文句，使其不单调 : Stage 9 : Verification of the audio quality by reciting the translation aloud. The : audio effect is important because scriptures are for preaching aloud to an : audience. 第九步 把翻译朗诵出来，确认辞句音调品质。音调品质是众要的，因为经文在讲道时， 是需要大声朗诵给听众。 : Stage 10 : Final check by the Master Translator. 第十步 翻译长的最後检查 : Conclusion : Xuan Zang did a great job in the translation of the Buddhist sutras. He was : not only an outstanding linguist but he was also wholeheartedly committed to : the task as a devout Buddhist possessing an extraordinary understanding of : its contents. Indeed, he dedicated thirteen years of his life to the task. : The task was not simply limited to transforming one language into another. In : order to effectively spread Buddhism, the sutras in Chinese would have to be : spiritually understood by the Chinese devotees. In today's context, he had to : take into account the marketplace. Was it intended for the gentry for whom : Buddhism depended for their financial support or was it for the less literate : populace to widen market share or was it for both? 结论 玄奘法师所作的佛经翻译是非常出色的。他不单单是个出色的语言家， 也是虔诚认真且充分了解佛经的佛教徒。 的确，他花费了他人生中的13年去完成这任务。 这个任务不单单指是把一个文体转换成另外一个。 为了有效的宣扬佛法，翻译的经典必须要让所有中国信徒完全了解。 以现代的讲法，他需要了解这个市场。 这是翻译给给与佛教徒经济支援的绅士们？ 还是给比较没文化教养的一般大众？还是两者都是？ --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 58.34.150.82 ※ 编辑: lilneige 来自: 58.34.150.82 (05/31 16:03)