玄奘翻译佛经的10个步骤 玄奘翻译佛经的步骤， 我们至今还采用， 在网上找到了一篇英文文章， 特张贴如下， 供大家参考： P.S.:鸠摩罗什译场300人，玄奘译场500人 Xuan Zang, Possibly China's Greatest Translator His 10-stage quality control process initiated more than 1300 years ago is far more thorough and exacting than any existing today. Introduction Every Chinese, young and old, within and outside China, knows the classical language rendering of the exploits of Xuan Zang, the pious Tang dynasty monk and his three storybook disciples: the indestructible Monkey King, the Great Sage; Brother Pig, the Eight Denials (of Buddhism); and Sand Monk, the third disciple. In real life, Xuan Zang was a truly remarkable Buddhist monk. He travelled on land, across mountains and deserts, through hostile and uncharted territories, to the birthplace of Buddha in the Indian sub-continent and thereafter returned to Chang’an (modern day Xi’an) with a set of Buddhist sutras. The voluminous sutras were written in the extremely difficult Sanskrit language. Together with his doyens of pupils, he completed the translation of some 75 volumes of the sutras into an equally difficult Chinese languages. The 10 Stages Buddhist sutras, translated into Chinese earlier than the Tang dynasty, were difficult to read and comprehend because the responsible translators were all Buddhist monks of non-Han Chinese origin. It took China several hundred years to groom its own selection of Buddhist monks who could master both the Sanskrit language and the complex Buddhism doctrines, which were written in Sanskrit. And Xuan Zang was recognized as the foremost among them. He was appointed chief of the Tang dynasty imperial translation centre. It was he who designed and implemented a translation workflow that would guarantee the quality of the final product. The process detailed below is well worth adopting by any modern day translation team. Stage 1 Master Translator and Buddhism expert to jointly study and interpret the original text written in Sanskrit. It could involve one or more persons. Stage 2 Members of the translation team to attend a recital of the text in question by the Master Translator. The purpose is to verify the accuracy of the interpretation undertaken in Stage 1. A recital is necessary because the scriptures were originally written for recitation. Stage 3 A team of junior translators produces the first Chinese draft from the Sanskrit text. The draft includes is a transliteration of Sanskrit terms into Chinese equivalents. Stage 4 Production of a complete Chinese version by a senior Han Chinese Buddhist monk trained to undertake scripture translation. This is the most important stage in the entire process involving a monk with an in-depth knowledge of Chinese culture and language. Stage 5 Refinement of the complete Chinese version, construction and structure of sentences. This is a necessary stage because of the vast linguistic differences between the source and target language. Stage 6 Reverse translation of the Chinese version into Sanskrit in order to verify the accuracy in the interpretation of the original text. Mistakes in interpretation are to be promptly rectified in the Chinese version. Stage 7 Review of the verified Chinese version to identify errors in usage of characters, and refinement in linguistic expressions to improve readability. Stage 8 Further polishing to improve the literary beauty of the language, adding linguistic colours to the otherwise monotonous writing. Stage 9 Verification of the audio quality by reciting the translation aloud. The audio effect is important because scriptures are for preaching aloud to an audience. Stage 10 Final check by the Master Translator. Conclusion Xuan Zang did a great job in the translation of the Buddhist sutras. He was not only an outstanding linguist but he was also wholeheartedly committed to the task as a devout Buddhist possessing an extraordinary understanding of its contents. Indeed, he dedicated thirteen years of his life to the task. The task was not simply limited to transforming one language into another. In order to effectively spread Buddhism, the sutras in Chinese would have to be spiritually understood by the Chinese devotees. In today's context, he had to take into account the marketplace. Was it intended for the gentry for whom Buddhism depended for their financial support or was it for the less literate populace to widen market share or was it for both? -- 复次龙王。若离妄语，即得八种天所赞法。 何等为八？ 一、口常清净，优钵华香。 二、为诸世间之所信伏。 三、发言成证，人天敬爱。 四、常以爱语，安慰众生。 五、得胜意乐，三业清净。 六、言无误失，心常欢喜。 七、发言尊重，人天奉行。 八、智慧殊胜，无能制伏。是为八。 若能回向阿耨多罗三藐三菩提者，後成佛时，即得如来真实语。 --

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