原文网址：http://kuso.cc/3OpC Holy sites Places apart Aug 28th 2008 From The Economist print edition A plan to turn sites of conflict into beacons of peace WHEN an army wants to dishearten a defeated foe, few things are more effective than desecrating his holiest shrines. And when a demagogue or warlord wants to make peaceful folk take up arms, nothing works better than telling them that their faith’s holiest site needs reclaiming. 一支军队如果要打垮挫败敌人的士气，最有效的方法之一便是亵渎 敌方最神圣的圣堂。如果狂热政客或军事强人想煽动和平群众拿起 武器，最好的方法就是告诉群众：我们要夺回圣地！ And in modern times, fighting over holy places—from India to Jerusalem to the Balkans—seems almost as common as it was in the Middle Ages. During the Bosnian war, over 3,000 religious buildings were destroyed or damaged, including Catholic and Orthodox churches, and above all mosques. In Kosovo, the minority Serbs say scores of Orthodox churches or monasteries have been wrecked by ethnic-Albanian nationalists. 在现代，为了圣地而起的战争，无论发生地点在印度、耶路撒冷、 巴尔干半岛，几乎跟中世纪时一样多。波士尼亚战争期间，有超过 3000座宗教建筑被摧毁或损坏，包括了天主教与东正教的教堂。被 毁损最多的则是清真寺。在科索沃，少数族裔塞尔维亚人表示，有 数十座东正教教堂和修道院被阿尔巴尼亚民族主义份子摧毁。 But holy places, even those that are claimed by more than one religion, are not always a source of conflict; there are plenty of cases where a shared holy place has led to a bond between people of different faiths who have divergent beliefs about the site but still rub along. 然而，即便一个地方是超过一个以上宗教的圣地，这个圣地不一定 就会引发冲突。有很多例子显示，一个圣地即便为不同信仰的人共 有，大家还是可以和平相处，建立起关系。 Hence a plan that was unveiled in Norway this summer to establish a code of conduct for holy sites on which all governments could agree. The code would protect the right of one or more communities to worship at a sacred site; the right of tourists to visit such sites as long as worship is respected; and the right of individuals and groups to manifest their faith at holy places. “We want to turn these locations into places of prayer and reconciliation,” says Kjell Magne Bondevik, a former Norwegian prime minister who is also a Lutheran minister and now heads the non-profit Oslo Centre for Peace and Human Rights. 因此，今年夏天在挪威揭櫫了一项计画，目标是要建立起一套所有 政府都同意的圣地规范。这套规范会保障各个社群团体在圣地进行 祭祀礼拜的权利。此外，只要游客尊重各宗教祭祀礼拜的话，他们 也享有参访圣地的权利。个人和团体在圣地展现自身宗教信仰的权 利也获得保障。「我们想把这些地方变成祈祷和和解的场所。」前 挪威首相Kjell Magne Bondevik表示，他也是路德教派的牧师，现 在负责领导非营利组织，和平与人权奥斯陆中心。 Partners in the sacred sites project include Muslims, Jews and Christians from the “holy land” as well as people from all over the Balkans. It may take a year to hammer out the details of the code—a twinkling of an eye when set against the centuries of war over places. 参加这项圣地计画的成员包括了穆斯林、犹太人、基督徒，以及来 自巴尔干半岛各地的人。要明订出规范的细节可能要花一年的时间 ，但其实一年对争夺圣地而延续了数百年的战争来说，只是一眨眼 而已。 --

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