标题: think you know McCain and Obama's views on Africa? * Sean Jacobs * guardian.co.uk, * Saturday July 19, 2008 Throughout the 1980s, the Reagan administration operated an open-door policy for African dictators and the racist apartheid regime in South Africa. Ronald Reagan's "constructive engagement" policy in Southern Africa viewed white South Africa as "a country that stood by us in every war we have ever fought, a country that strategically is essential to the free world in its production of minerals." 1980年代，雷根政权对非洲强人政权和施行种族隔离的南非政权保持开放政策。雷根总统 针对南非的「建设性接触」政策将白人南非视为「一个每场战争都支持我们的国家，一个 生产矿产资源的战略价值对於自由世界来说至关重要的国家。」 His administration sponsored proxy wars by the apartheid government in Mozambique and Angola. The Angolan "rebel" leader Jonas Savimbi – whose insurgency left thousands dead or homeless – was a regular visitor to the US capital, Washington DC, posing with Reagan on the White House lawn and hobnobbing with congressional leaders. Nightline and 60 Minutes gave ample time to Savimbi. The kleptomaniac Zairian dictator Mobuto Sese Seko, Nigerian General Ibrahim Babangida (who violently delayed the transition to multiparty democracy in that country), and the corrupt and brutal governments of Kenya and Equatorial Guinea, all enjoyed official American largesse. 雷根政权资助南非种族隔离政权在莫三比克和安哥拉发动代理战争。安哥拉「匪酋」 JONAS SAVIMBI（他的抵抗造成了数千条人命和流离失所的人口）是华府常客，常与 雷根在白宫草地上摆POSE，还有跟众议院领袖们把酒言欢。专题节目如NIGHTLINE和 60 MINUTES都不乏SAVIMBI的身影。窃国成性的萨伊强人MOBUTO SESE SEKO、奈及利亚 的IBRAHIM BABANGIDA将军（他曾强硬拖延该国的多党制民主化进程）、以及腐败粗暴 的肯亚政府与赤道几内亚政府，都受过美国热情的款待。 To achieve such favour these leaders and governments needed lobbyists. The man oiling Washington's political establishment on behalf of most of this rogues' gallery is Charlie Black, according to the group Citizens for Ethics Black started his Washington career with segregationist Jesse Helms and worked on Reagan's re-election campaign in 1984. He used those contacts to ease the path to the Oval Office for his clients. In 1985 the Black lobbying firm reportedly made at least $600,000 from Savimbi. 能在华府吃得开，这些强人和政府需要说客。为这批牛鬼蛇神游走华府各政府机构的 是CHARLIE BLACK。根据道德公民组织[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington，2003年成立]，BLACK的华府生涯始於支持种族隔离的JESSE HELMS旗下， 後来於1984年加入了雷根连任竞选团队。BLACK用他的人脉为他的客户铺了一条通往 椭圆办公室的红毯。据报，1985年当年BLACK游说事务所至少自SAVIMBI那赚得六十万 美元。 That same Charlie Black is now one of John McCain's chief campaign advisers. That's also the same Charlie Black who recently let slip that a terrorist attack would be good for McCain's stagnant electoral campaign. McCain has not expressed any urgency to travel to Africa nor, except for the usual platitudes, said much concrete about his proposed Africa policy. That, and the time it took for Cindy McCain to divest holdings in a company doing business in Sudan. CHARLIE BLACK现在是JOHN MCCAIN的主要竞选顾问。就是这个CHARLIE BLACK在最近脱口 说出再一次恐怖攻击会让MCCAIN不乐观的选情带来利多。MCCAIN没有展现出访非洲的 迫切性，同时（除了随口提些例行性看法）也没有提出任何确切的非洲政策。这些延宕 以及空窗期让CINDY MCCAIN能够脱手卖出某间在苏丹投资的公司的共同基金。 So how does McCain's Democratic rival Barack Obama shape up? Despite the fact that Obama spent much of his childhood in Hawaii and Indonesia most Americans (black and white) make connections between the Illinois Senator's race (his father was a Kenyan economist) and Africa. Because of shallow race politics it is assumed he would naturally sympathise with the continent. Obama's other Africa connection are Muslim "smears", even from members of his own party. Images of Obama wearing a "Muslim turban" during an official visit to a northeastern Kenyan border town – leaked by Clinton operatives – surfaced on the web and set off a media frenzy. 至於OBAMA又是如何？尽管OBAMA的童年是在夏威夷跟印尼度过的，多数美国人（黑人 与白人皆然）主要将这位伊利诺州参议员的族裔（OBAMA的父亲是名肯亚经济学家）与 非洲做连结。因为目前横行的肤浅的族裔政治，一般认为OBAMA会自然而然地倾向同情 非洲。OBAMA另一个非洲关连性就是流传的穆斯林「抹黑」，有些甚至是他自己党内 流出来的。OBAMA於一次肯亚东北边境的官方访问时穿着穆斯林装束的照片─CLINTON 阵营流出来的照片─在网上传开，引爆媒体讨论。 When cooler heads returned, it transpired that Obama had obliged a local dignitary's request that he (Obama) try on local dress. That there's nothing wrong with being Muslim, which Obama isn't anyway, hardly entered the conversation. More importantly, no one asked what Obama was really doing in Africa at the time. In fact, that northern Kenyan trip was part of a four-nation trip undertaken by Obama in August 2006 to South Africa, Kenya, Djibouti and Chad. And that trip may tell us something about how a President Obama could approach US relations with Africa. 当事件逐渐冷下来後，才发现是OBAMA善意回应当地名流的要求，试穿一下当地的传统 服饰。当个穆斯林没什麽问题这个问题（又何况OBAMA也不是）一直都成不了讨论焦点。 更重要的是，没有人问OBAMA那时候在非洲在做什麽。事实上，那次的北肯亚行是OBAMA 於2006年八月前往南非的四国行程的一部份，共有南非、肯亚、吉布提、以及查德。 那次行程或能让我们了解OBAMA的美国─非洲政策。 In US mainstream media, coverage of the trip largely focused on Obama's "homecoming" to his father's hometown and continent. However, the best record of that visit – apart from extensive coverage in Obama's hometown Chicago, is a documentary film, Senator Obama Goes to Africa directed by Chicago filmmakers Bob Hercules and Keith Walker. 那次行程中，美国主流媒体主要报导重心在於OBAMA的「返乡」行。但是，那次行程 最好的纪录（还包括关於OBAMA的主场芝加哥）是个纪录片：「参议员OBAMA去AFRICA」， 导演是芝加哥制片人BOB HERCULES跟KEITH WALKER。 The film (you can see the opening sequence here) predictably contains elements of a political campaign and feels like a travelogue: large crowds to confirm his appeal; PR visits to "community projects" (a micro-lending project sponsored by a bank in Chicago in the packed Kibera slum in the Kenyan capital Nairobi); a tour of Nelson Mandela's cell on Robben Island prison in South Africa; a visit to Nobel peace prize winner Desmond Tutu (who tells Obama: "You are going to be a very credible presidential candidate"); and a stop in a Darfur refugee camp in Chad. Finally, a large chunk of proceedings focuses on Obama's visit to his grandmother's house in Kisumu, Kenya. But the film also reveals more. 那部纪录片（这里有开场叙述）理所当然地有浓厚的政治宣传味，也看起来像是个游记： 庞大人群展现OBAMA的魅力；造访「社区计画」的公关行程（一家芝加哥银行的小型 租借计画，位於肯亚首都NIROBI的KIBERA贫民区内；参访曼得拉在南非ROBBEN ISLAND 的狱所；拜访诺贝尔和平奖得主DESMOND TUTU（他告诉OBAMA：「你会是一名非常值得 信任的总统候选人」）；以及走访在查德进内的DARFUR难民营。终於，纪录片一大部分 是OBAMA拜访他祖母在肯亚KISUMU的房子。除此之外，纪录片还透露更多。 In South Africa, Obama publicly embraces the Aids activist Zackie Achmat. Then during a visit to an Aids clinic run by Achmat's Treatment Action Campaign in Khayelitsha township, the vast slum to the southwest of Cape Town, Obama condemns the pharmaceutical companies and the wrongheaded Aids policies of President Thabo Mbeki and his health minister, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang. Obama described Tshabalala-Msimang as the "lunatic fringe." Moving on to Kenya, Obama and his wife, Michelle, not only visited Kibera (usually given a wide berth by politicians, including Kenyans), but made true on a promise to Achmat to publicly take HIV tests. They did so in a mobile clinic in a busy part of Kisumu, with an audience of thousands. 在南非，OBAMA公开拥抱为爱滋病奔走的ZACKIE ACHMAT。然後他走访了ACHMAT於 KHAYELITSHA主持的爱滋病治疗所，也就是开普敦西南一大片贫民区里。OBAMA公开 谴责制药公司以及THABO MBEKI总统还有他的健康部长MANTO TSHABALALA─MSIMANG的 错误的爱滋政策。OBAMA形容TSHABALALA─MSIMANG「濒临疯狂」。接着在肯亚，OBAMA 跟他的太太MICHELLE不仅拜访了KIBERA（通常会给包括肯亚在内的政治人物加很多分）， 还履行了他对ACHMAT的承诺，公开接受HIV检验。他们两人就在KISUMU一个移动诊所 在数千名观众围观的状况下完成了检验。 Earlier, in a speech to government, policy and intellectual elites, at the University of Nairobo, Obama broke with the tradition of visiting American dignitaries to tackle widespread government corruption. This did not endear him to the Kenyan government (now staunch anti-terror allies of the US), as Obama's hometown Chicago Sun-Times reported at the time. Obama has been tacking sharply rightward in recent weeks but he still has fans on the continent – Achmat still heavily promotes Obama, for example. 早先，在UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBO的一场对政府、政策和知识界菁英的演讲中，OBAMA 没有依循例行的美国名人传统，而主动针对政府贪污问题发表看法。这让肯亚政府 不太高兴（现在是美国坚定的反恐盟邦之一），根据OBAMA老本营的芝加哥太阳报消息 指出。OBAMA最近开始明显右倾，但他在非洲仍然有些支持者，如ACHMAT。 A final irony: it was the Kenyan government which was once squired around Washington by McCain's now chief adviser that destroyed Barack Obama Sr's career. 最後讽刺：就是那个靠着MCCAIN现在的主要顾问吃遍华府的肯亚政府毁了OBAMA父亲的 一生。 http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/jul/19/usa.uselections2008 新闻来源: (需有正确连结) -- --

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