四选三作答 75% 一 (1)Plato与Kant对真理真相的看法有何异同? (2)请以历史观点阐述其间差异所具有的意涵 二 (1)Plotinus,Augustine,Hume 三人对於existence of God的论证各为何? (2)请批判其说的有效性及见解的高低 三 (1)Aristotle,Rousseau与Nietzsche三人的道德观各为何? (2)请以{文明}的观点批判其说的优劣高下 四 (1)从Hegel到Schopenhauer至Whitehead表现出{真理观}如何的转变? (2)请说明他们的见解是否较Kant更能澄清人事道理与宇宙真相 五 请将下文中译，说明该文作者与着作名称，然後加以补充和申论 1.Learning is no other than recollection.In all cases the recollection can be occasioned by things that are similar, but it can also be occasioned by things that are dissimilar. The equal things and the Equal itself are not the same. It is from the equal things , though they are different from equality,that you have derived and grasped the knowledge of equality . We must possess knowledge of equality before that time when we first saw the equal objects and realized that all these objects strive to be like the Equal but are deficient in this. (Plato Phaedo) 2.Sensible things retain within themselves some sort of trace of a likeness to God. For effects bear within themselves the likeness of their causes;yet an effect does not always reach to the full likeness of its cause.The human reason is related to the knowledge of the truth of faith in such a way that it can gather certain likeness of it,which are yet not sufficient so that the truth of faith may be comprehended as being understood demostratively or throuth itself. Yet it is useful for the human reason to exercise itself in such arguments , however weak they may be (Aquinas The ways of knowing Divine Truths) 3.The dispute between the Sceptics and Dogmatists is entirely verbal , or at least regards only the degrees of doubt and assurance.No Dogmatists denies that there are difficulites both with regard to the senses and to all science;and that these difficulties are in a regular ,logical method, absolutely insolvable. No Sceptic denies that we lie under an absolute necessity , notwithstanding these difficulties, of thinking , and believing, and reasoning with regard to all kind of subjects, and even of frequently assenting with confidence and security. The Sceptics,from habit,caprice ,or inclination,insists most on the difficulties, the Dogmatist,for like reasons,on the necessity.(Descartes,Discourse on Method) 4.If my perception of an object has to conform to the object, I do not see how there could be any abstract knowledge of it;but if the objects of my perceptions conform to the laws by which I know them,it is easy to conceive of abstract knowledge,for all experience is a kind of knowledge involving the mind,the laws of which Imust suppose were a part of me before I ever saw anything.Those laes get expressed in abstract terms but all my experience must agree with them(Kant Critique of pure reason) 六 自问自答(视情形给分) --

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