说明:一至五题择其三(各25分)，第六题必答(30分)，第七题自由选答 一.何谓humanism?请说明古典时期希腊在政治，文学，艺术，哲学，与宗教五 方面humanism的表现。 二.请说明从希腊，希腊化，至罗马时代"东西对立"形势的变迁状况。 三.请举实例说明从希腊，希腊化，至罗马时代文艺的发展趋势。 四.请举实例说明从希腊，希腊化，至罗马时代哲学的发展趋势。 五.(1)Judaism的演进及其信仰特质为何? (2)Judaism在西方文明发展史中的重 要性为何? 六.请将下文中译，然後加以补充和申论(30分) 1.Protagoras's famous dictum, 'man is the measure of all things,' meant that goodness, truth, and justice are relative to the needs and interests of man. The relativism of Sophists could easily degenerate into the doctrine that the wise man is the one who knows best how to manipulate others and gratify his own desires. 2.'True law,' Cicero declared, 'is right reason consonant with nature, diffused among all men, constant, eternal. To make enactments infringing this law, religion forbids, neither may it be repealed even in part, nor have we power through Senate or people to free ourselves from it.' 3.The philosophers and religious enthusuasts of Hellenistic Age generally agreed upon one thing: the necessity of finding some release from the trials of human existence, for with the decline of free civic life as a means for the expression of human idealism, alternatives needed to be found to make life seem meaningful, or at least endurable. 七.自问自答(视情形给分) --

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