原文： http://www92.hattrick.org/Community/Press/Default.aspx?ArticleID=17438# 底下中文部分由 darkmiz 翻译 The following article has been written for the Slovenian community and published as an HT press in Slovenia (16168). It is now translated (by Antoine_de_le_Tellec (3308938) and artod (11112383)) and republished in the hope that it could be interesting for global readers. 此文原先发表於斯洛维尼亚(16168)的HT新闻专区，经 Antoine_de_le_Tellec (3308938) 和 artod (11112383) 翻成英文，希望分享给全世界的读者。 The basic premise for this piece is that National Teams use multiskilled players who can optimise total team ratings (without being bound by training constraints as we experience at club level). I am going to explain how such players are combined to fully exploit their contribution, to help understand how multiskilled players support each other. I will also explain variations experienced when National teams switch coach between attack and defence minded, to illustrate tactical variations. The theory suggested is supported by the evidence provided from the National Team matches: the teams playing in the later stages of the World Cup usually follow the main principles described here. 本文的论点是：国家队应该运用能够提升全队评级的「多技能球员」(不受制於个人 球队所面临的训练位考量问题)。本文将解释为何结合各种不同的「多技能球员」 能使他们的贡献可以彻底发挥，并让大家了解「多技能球员」如何相辅相成，并且探讨 国家队更换进攻或防守型教练时所能运用的各种技术阵形。本理论是根据打到世界杯 後期比赛的队伍所遵循的大原则。 I refer to a Standard System and its variations (which is intentionally related to the Standard Model in physics). This is also known as ercanto, Jestar and many other names. It’s a well known module,discussed at length by the worldwide tactical experts. This article is intended to benefit less experienced managers, to show how, without having amazing tactical genius, and just good planning, common sense and the basic principles described here, a medium-low level National Team like Slovenia (with less than 4000 active users) has been able to win the silver medal in the World Cup. 这边提及的「标准阵型」(又称为 ercanto, Jestar 及许多其他名称)，是全HT世界 众多策略专家所广泛讨论、高知名度的理论模组。本文将示范如何不必仰赖惊人智慧， 只需要一般常识，良好的规划，以及遵照这里说的原则，就能让一个中低级的国家队 如斯洛维尼亚(少於4000活人球队)拿到世界杯银牌。 Disclaimer: the article talks about National Teams, but the vast majority of its concepts is true also for U20 Teams. 声明： 本文讨论的是国家队，但是大部分的观念依然适用於U20队。 How to play a game? How to tactically challenge the best players in the world? It’s easier than you think – most of the time, small details make the difference. For several years Hattrick has embraced multiskilling as a philosophy. Evolution of the game mechanics (training speeds, skill drops, etc) implemented by the devs has incorporated a core target for reducing the relative importance of players’ primary skills, and conversely increasing the benefit and impact of their secondary skills. As a consequence of National Teams utilising the 'best players', it doesn't come as a huge surprise to discover that NT teams are full of multiskilled players, in other words players trained in 2 main skills, sometimes even 3 or 4 (some wingers are trained in Winger, Playmaking, Passing and Defending). 要怎麽打一场比赛？要怎麽和全世界顶尖的玩家斗智？其实很简单：胜负关键就在一些 小细节里。这几年来HT已经把「多技能」昇华成一项哲学。游戏机制的演变(训练速度、 技能下降等)明显看出游戏开发者试图降低球员主技能的重要性，这使得训练第二技能 的效益获得提升。由於国家队需要的是「最好」的选手，於是毫无意外地，各国的国家 队开始充斥双技能的球员，有些球员甚至拥有三项、四项技能 (例如有些边锋球员拥有 边锋、组织、传球、防守) What happens when playing with more multiskilled players? Every players set of skills contribute to the respective team ratings, as influenced by their selected position and individual order, simultaneously, with the multi-skilled team as a whole off-setting any deficit due to individual players being trained to a lower level of primary skills (i.e. any loss caused by a lower winger skill from a player on the wing is compensated by the wing skill of his supporting wing back, the passing skill of his nearest inner midfielder and the range of skills of all the forwards). 运用多位多技能球员的效果在哪？ 每位球员的各项技能都能贡献到相对应的球队评级，受到他们位置排法和个人指令的 影响，而使得整个球队可以弥补任何单一球员较低的主技能 (例如边锋选手较低的边锋 技能可以由边後卫的边锋技能、离他最近的中场选手的传球技能以及所有前锋球员的 技能所弥补) As a consequence, this means that, in many situations, highly optimized teams like the National Teams will prefer to utilise players who can provide a higher total contribution, rather than the ones with just the highest primary skill. For example, if we play with a playmaker that has not been trained in Winger as a winger towards middle, our side attack will be significantly lower. If we use a player with with magical (18) Playmaking instead of a winger with titanic (15) Playmaking, we will gain one or two % points of ball possession, but we’ll now expect to lose almost every chance created to score on that side. In the vast majority of the cases, choosing more primary like this just simply isn’t worth it (as our chances for winning the game wouldn’t be improved, nor the potential goal difference gains from any games we'd expect to win). If we take into consideration that many national teams have players with dual high skills in both Playmaking and Winger, it becomes clear that in most cases it's worth playing with multiskilled players in the winger spot (although there are always exceptions to the rule, but I'm not going to discuss these here). 所以大部分的时候，像国家队这种需要精挑细选的球队会倾向利用这种总体贡献度较大 的球员而非主技能最高的球员。例如我们把一个没有边锋技能的中场球员(组织18)排在 靠中边锋的位置，我们的持球可能会增加1或2%，但是边路进攻就会明显降低。绝大部分 的时候，只选择最大主技能是不值得的。看看大多数国家队都有组织和边锋双高技能的 球员，可见多技能在边锋位置是较吃香的(虽然总有例外，但这里不讨论)。 What about midfield? In Hattrick, midfield is king, and if we look at the teams that consistently reach the later stages of the World Cup, we can see that all the top teams incorporate this philosophy. This doesn't mean that you can’t win playing Counter Attack (as Slovenia demonstrated against Italy in the World Cup semifinal), but this tactic is arguably less effective than for club teams, partly because it is possible to change the coach just before the game (making opponents less predictable) and it’s very difficult to achieve good enough defence and good enough attack ratings at the same time. 至於中场呢？ 在HT里，掌握中场就是掌握胜利，看看那些经常打进世界杯後期比赛的队伍，我们可以 看到排名在前面的队伍都导入这个原则。这不代表防反就赢不了(例如准决赛时斯洛维 尼亚靠防反赢义大利)，只是跟一般比赛相较，防反在国家队比赛的策略效果较小，因为 比赛前可更换攻击或防守型教练让对手更难预测，况且要同时取得够好的防守和进攻评 级并不容易。 The game engine is based on ratios and the higher the skills are, the more the ratio will tend to 50%, so it is seriously tricky to create high enough defensive ratings without using a defensive coach, but this necessitates lowering our CA scoring chances due to our attack ratings being too low. As a result we’re always going to play with 3 inner midfielders and 2 wingers, unless we are planning to use a CA tactic with no possession (5-2-3 with two wingers, 5-3-2 with one or two wingers). 游戏引擎是建构在各种比例系数上，越高的技能只会让比例系数趋近50%，所以不靠 防守型教练不容易达到够高的防守评级，但如此一来进攻评级就降低而影响得分机会。 於是我们总是要靠3名中场和2名边锋，除非打算用无控球防反(5-2-3两边锋，或 5-3-2 一或二边锋)。 How does a multiskilled team help defence? Since we’re almost always playing with wingers, we will rarely want to sacrifice side attack. Wing-backs have the highest contribution if they play normal, so using 2 normal wing-backs would be our logical choice. This could be a worry for leaving a gaping hole in central defence, but if we have the right players (midfielders trained in defending, for example), it shouldn't be a worry, and in most cases we don’t have to worry too much about opposition central attacks even when using just one central defender. 多技能球队如何建立防守？ 因为我们几乎都会用到边锋，我们不希望牺牲边路进攻。边後卫如果正常位置会有最大 进攻贡献，所以用两个正常位置的边後卫就是最好的选择。中间的防守可能会产生一个 漏洞，但是可以由适当的球员补救(例如具有防守的中场球员)，况且大部分的时候只用 一个中後卫也不太需要担心对面的中路进攻。 And attack? Multiskilled attack is reliant upon TDFs, (technical defensive forwards - non-technical DFs are possible as well, but I’ll focus on TDFs only here). These are players that have been trained in playmaking, passing and scoring. Most national teams have TDFs with a sum of passing and playmaking around 30 (mythical playmaking and world class passing, world class playmaking and mythical passing, and all combinations in between) or a little more, up to 32-33. Often, scoring is trained up to world class as a maximum. TDF's are important because we don’t usually play with counterattack (as mentioned above), and every player that can contribute to the midfield rating is a must. Playing forwards with a 'normal' orientation unfortunately provides no midfield contribution. On top of this, a correctly trained TDF's high passing skill provides a substantial contribution to our side attacks, which means that we’re killing two birds with one stone. Even if we do decide to use a normal forward, most of these guys have been trained in wing as well (because their total contribution is higher compared to half a skill more in scoring), so the usual strategy for our multi-skilled team is to attack on wings (but not necessarily utilising the "Attack On Wings" tactic). 进攻呢？ 多技能球队的进攻仰赖 TDF (技术型防守前锋，非技术型的也可行，但这里不讨论)。 这种球员受过组织、传球和进球训练。大部分国家队的TDF传球和组织技能总和约30或 更多，到32-33。通常进球最多练到world class。 TDF很重要，因为我们很少用到 防反(如上所提)，所以每个能提升中场评级的球员都很重要。不幸的是，打正常位置 的前锋无法贡献中场。再加上，一个经过正确训练的TDF拥有较高的传球技能可支援 边路进攻，等於是一石二鸟。就算我们决定排正常位置的前锋，这些人的边锋技能也 都训练过，(因为多一级边锋技能的整体贡献较高，相较於多半级的进球技能)，於是 多技能球队的策略通常是边路进攻(但不一定要选「边路进攻」战术)。 What's the optimum formation? Our standard 3-5-2 formation involves 3 'normal' midfielders (it's the order with the highest midfield contribution), 2 highly (playmaking) skilled wingers (played normal or offensive), 2 TDFs , two normal wing-backs and a normal central defender. This line-up produces dominant midfield ratings, useful side attacks and a balanced defence. By changing coach this line-up can be very defensive (mythical-magical defence with a defensive coach) or extremely offensive (creating mythical-ET side attacks with an offensive coach). We have some flexibility (we can field a winger with higher playmaking and lower winger/passing or the vice versa, or our TDF could have more playmaking or more passing, whilst our wing-back may have more wing or more defending...). The choice of coach 'attack/defence preference' is generally the main tactical move in the national team, because no other single move has such a significant effect on the ratings. The standard line-up is the basic starting point for preparing any game (but with some exceptions, whenever the relative strength of our opposition varies significantly, so we use other formations especially when we are either big outsiders or big favourites). 最佳阵型是什麽？ 正常的 3-5-2 阵包含(依中场贡献排序)：三个正常位置的中场球员，2个高组织的 边锋(排防守或进攻位置)，2个TDF，2个正常位置的边後卫和一个中後卫。这个排法 可以产生威力十足的中场评级，有效的边路进攻和稳定的防守。利用更换防守型教练 可以达到mythical-magical等级的防守评级，或是更换进攻型教练以达到 mythical-ET 等级的边路进攻。我们可以拥有一些弹性，例如运用一个组织技能较高，边锋传球技能 较低的边锋，或是相反。我们的TDF可以用更高组织或传球，而边後卫可改成较高边锋 或防守技能…等。进攻/防守型教练的选择是国家队最主要的战术决定，其他战术对评级 影响较小。这个标准阵型是准备任何一场比赛的出发点(除非对手和我们强度相差过大， 我们才用其他阵型)。 Any system provides variations and the standard system of national teams is no exception. The standard 3-5-2 is quite balanced , but if we want to play more defensively or offensively, we have a few options. 任何阵型都有变化，国家队的基本阵型也不例外。基本的 3-5-2 阵已经相当平衡， 但是想打防守一点或加强进攻，我们还有几个选择。 More defensive line-ups Defensive variations within the system require a defensive or neutral coach. The first option is 3-5-2 with two wingers toward middle (real wingers, not midfielders) - with two medium-low side attacks we can still score and we've maximized midfield. Another option is a 4-5-1. This almost always requires both central defenders played towards the wing (because the opponent so rarely plays with a significant central attack). It is possible to CA, using 2 offensive wingers (or positioned 'normal' on the odd occasion). In attack this formation requires a single TDF or a single FTW (a normal striker with high wing skill, played 'towards wing'). Sometimes we also like to play one midfielder towards wing (IMTW), any such midfielder should have some useful winger skill and/or some passing. 加强防守型： 需要防守或中立型教练。第一种是3-5-2 两边锋靠中(真正的边锋，不是中场)，靠着 中下等级的两路进攻仍有得分机会，而我们已把中场最大化。另一个选择是4-5-1。 通常需要两个靠边位置的中後卫(因为对面很少人会用中路进攻)。也可以用防反，用 两名进攻型边锋(或正常位置)。进攻方面需要一个TDF或FTW(一个边锋技能高的正常 前锋，靠边锋位置)。有时会需要一个中场球员靠边 (IMTW)，这样的球员需要够高的 边锋技能加上一些传球。 More attacking line-ups: This is used when we must attack at all costs, or if we are in a situation where we can afford to reduce midfield or defence in order to boost attack ratings. It might be because we are able to play Normal against an opposition PIC, or because we have higher TS , or simply because our expected standard match ratings are so much stronger than the opponent (if we have a very large advantage over the opponent, as mentioned, the standard 3-5-2 is less likely to be utilised, and the optimal line-up may be out of the standard system altogether). Such a scenario usually requires an attack minded coach, but neutral can sometimes do the trick. 加强进攻型： 运用时机是当我们必须全力进攻，或我们禁得起削弱一些中场和防守以换取进攻评级。 也许我们开normal足以对抗对方的PIC，或我们有较高的TS，或者我们预估的标准评级 高出对手许多，这时3-5-2的阵形已经不实用，最佳的阵形已经超出标准阵形的范畴。 这种阵形通常需要配合进攻型的教练，但是中立型也行得通。 We'll opt for player orientation so that wingers are 'offensive' (or normal, if we can boost side attacks using a TDF), wing-backs normal, and in a 2-5-3 this means we usually play without a central defender (because the wing-backs useful boost to side attack ratings is not easy to replace if we don't). If we expect the opponent not to go defensive (say as light as a 3-5-2 with a defensive coach), an interesting possible attack solution is to go 3-5-2 with one normal forward and a TDF. A normal attacker, trained in winger as well, will bolster side attacks more than a second TDF and, unlike a FTW, increases both side attacks. It helps that our central attack also benefits to a level that allows some 'real' probability of goal in the middle (up to 15 %, for example). We don't really want to rely on all scoring chances allocated to side attacks. In a 3-5-2 we can afford offensive midfielders as well to help central attack, as our central defence has cover with a central defender. 我们会选择攻击型边锋(或正常型的边锋，利用TDF增加边路进攻)，加上正常位置的边 後卫，若用 2-5-3 表示没有中後卫。如果我们预测对手不玩防守阵(甚至是3-5-2加防 守型教练)，一个有趣且可行的进攻阵型是 3-5-2：一正常前锋加一TDF。正常的前锋 如果拥有不错的边锋技能会比TDF对边路进攻贡献更大。而且不同於FTW，对两路进攻 都有帮助。对中路进攻也造成一定的影响，甚至有中路进球的机会(例如高到15%)。 我们不想让进球机会都在边路，用3-5-2我们也能用进攻型中场球员来帮助进攻，因为 中间防守有中後卫可以负责。 Even more offensive is the 2-5-3 and its permutations. Let's start with midfielders: it wouldn't be unreasonable to assume that any 2-5-3 will use offensive midfielders, but this isn't always the case. As we’ve left a gaping hole in central defence, if we use 'normal' midfielders who have been trained in defence, we can close the hole with their defending contribution, so this becomes a more attractive order. Of course, any midfielders trained heavily in passing, will be 'offensive', provided we can afford a (small) midfield loss. In attack we'll choose whether to play with one, two or three TDFs, the others will be normal forwards. Playing with three normal forwards is only practical against very weak teams. Choosing the number of TDFs to play with depends to a large extent on how the desired midfield (and, of course, on the availability of high-quality TDFs). The trade off for normal forwards? More central attack, more opportunities to score in the middle, but with a lower midfield, creating less chances. This is self-evident. The optimal choice depends on number crunching. 需要更多进攻的话还有2-5-3及其变化型。先从中场谈起：一般认为2-5-3一定用进攻型 中场球员，但事实并不如此。因为中间防守缺一大洞，若用防守高的「正常」中场球员 可以靠防守贡献来补这个洞，所以是非常实用的选择。当然，任何传球技能高的中场球 员一定要发挥其「攻击性」，只要我们能容许牺牲一点中场评级。进攻方面，选择一、 二或三个TDF，其他为正常前锋。三个正常前锋只对弱队有效。必须根据中场所需评级来 决定TDF的数量(当然还要视高品质TDF的可用度)。正常前锋的利弊是较高的中路进攻， 较多的中路得分机会，相对的中场评级较低使得进球机会降低。要找到最佳选择需要钻 研数据。 In addition, more offensive line-ups can play with midfielders set toward wing (IMTW), especially if we expect a very strong defence and we want to boost our side attacks as much as possible. The midfield loss is relatively small, and the boost to side attack depends on the player type. With the right players (eg - mythical/magical playmaking, titanic / mythical winger, outstanding+ passing) using a midfielder towards wing (the same player who would play as a normal winger or winger towards middle in a defensive 3-5-2) could be a decisive tactical move. 再者，进攻阵型可以把中场球员放在靠边位置(IMTW)，尤其当对手防守很强而我们需要 想尽办法提升边路进攻。中场评级损失甚小，对边路进攻的影响则根据球员的类型。 适当的球员(例如组织等级mythical/magical，边锋等级titanic / mythical，传球等级 outstanding+)排在中间靠边(IMTW)(这个球员在防守型3-5-2会是排在边锋或边锋靠中) 可能会是决定胜负的关键战术。 To conclude I've described the standard system that is used by almost all middle- to top level national teams, including Slovenia. These NTs almost exclusively use one of these formations against equivalent teams and the only main alternative is an extreme CA. NT managers also face other formations, mostly played by worse teams with underdeveloped multiskilled players such as a 5-5-0 aiming for a draw, or a one-sided 4-5-1,or a one-sided 5-4-1 CA... but I’ll talk about these another time. 结论： 这里描述的标准阵形几乎已被所有中上等级的国家所采用。唯一的例外是极端的防反。 国家队经理有时也会遇到其他阵型，通常是较弱的国家且多技能球员数量不多，例如 以5-5-0试图求和，或偏某一边的4-5-1或 5-4-1防反，但这些以後再讨论。 Editors note: do you follow National Teams as well? Do you like tactics? Let's discuss this article in the forum: (16442146.1) 编者按： 你关注国家队战术吗？更多讨论请到 forum: (16442146.1) --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 112.104.102.202 ※ 编辑: darkmiz 来自: 112.104.102.202 (01/14 19:13) ※ 编辑: darkmiz 来自: 123.204.196.188 (01/14 20:37)