※ [本文转录自 IA 看板] 作者: swallow73 (吃素、环保、救地球) 看板: IA 标题: [翻译] 大型猿类与人 时间: Fri Jul 18 23:08:19 2008 As Spain takes one great step forward for animal rights and liberty, activists elsewhere are persecuted 当西班牙在保护动物的权利与自由上有大幅进展时，志士们在其他地 方是被迫害的。 Peter Singer The Guardian, Friday July 18, 2008 http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/jul/18/ animalwelfare.animalbehaviour In a historic vote last month the Spanish parliament's commission for the environment, agriculture, and fisheries declared its support for The Great Ape Project - a proposal to grant rights to life, liberty, and protection from torture to our closest nonhuman relatives: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orang-utans. Other countries, such as New Zealand and the UK, have taken steps to protect great apes, but no national parliament has declared that any animal could be a person with rights. 在一项历史性的投票中，西班牙国会的环境、农业与渔业委员会宣示了它对"大型 猿类计画"的支持。该项计画保障了包括大猩猩、倭黑猩猩、黑猩猩、红毛猩猩 等人类近亲的生存权、自由权、以及免与被迫害的权利。其他国家，包括纽西兰、英国 也采取了措施来保护大型猿类，但是没有其他任何一国的国会通过类似的保护法案。 Keeping great apes in captivity will be allowed for purposes of conservation only, and then under optimal conditions for the apes. Moreover, the resolution recommends that Spain take steps in international forums to ensure that great apes are protected from maltreatment, slavery, torture and extinction. 只有在保育考量以及饲养条件良好的情况下，大型猿类才能被圈养。更进一步的， 该项决议建议西班牙政府能够努力在国际论坛中确保大型猿类能够免与被虐待、 奴役、折磨以及灭决。 Paola Cavalieri and I founded The Great Ape Project in 1993 to break down the barriers between human and nonhuman animals. Researchers such as Jane Goodall, Diane Fossey and Birute Galdikas have shown that great apes are thinking, self-aware beings with rich emotional lives, and thereby prepared the ground for extending rights to them. 我和Paloa Cavalieri在1993年拟了大猩猩保育计画来消除人类与非人类动物在享有 权力上的差别。研究者如珍古德、Diane Fossey和Birute Galdikas的研究成果显示 了大型猿类是能够思考、有自我意识的生物，并且有丰富的情感生活，因此我们有 充足的理由保障他们的权利。 If we regard human rights as something possessed by all human beings, no matter how limited their intellectual or emotional capacities may be, how can we deny similar rights to great apes? To do so would be to display a prejudice against other beings merely because they are not members of our species - a prejudice we call speciesism, to highlight its resemblance to racism. The Spanish resolution marks the first official acceptance of that view. The use of the term "slavery" in relation to animals is especially significant, for it has been assumed that animals are rightly our slaves, to use as we wish, whether to pull our carts, be models of human diseases for research, or produce eggs, milk, or flesh for us to eat. Recognition by a government that it can be wrong to enslave animals is a significant breach in the wall of exclusive moral significance we have built around our own species. 如果我们认为生而为人就该有人权，不论任何人类个体的智商有多低、感觉有多迟顿， 那我们怎能不让大型猿类享有类似的权利?这样做，就等同於我们因为其他生命不是我 们的一份子，就对他们有所偏见。这种偏见为了突显它和种族歧视的类似，我们称它为 "物种歧视"。西班牙国会的这项决议突显了这项观点在该国是被官方认可的。以"奴役" 来描述动物的处境是格外有意义的，因为这表示了动物正是我们的奴隶，我们可以任 意使唤，不论是拉我们的车，当作医疗实验品或者当作生蛋、生奶以及产肉的工具。 官方所承认这项观点，对於只考虑人类权利的传统道德是一项重大挑战。 While Spanish parliamentarians were sympathetically considering the rights of animals, in Austria 10 leaders of lawful animal welfare organisations were beginning their fifth week in prison. Police had roused people from their beds, put guns to their heads and seized computers and files, disabling the animal-rights movement on the eve of it launching a new initiative to enshrine the protection of animals in the Austrian constitution. The leaders are being held without charge under a law aimed at members of criminal organisations such as the mafia, and a court has remanded all 10 to be held until September. 当西班牙国会对动物权表示同情时，在澳地利10位合法的动物权组织领导者已经在 苦牢蹲了四个礼拜。警察将人们从床上敲醒，用枪指着他们的头，没收电脑及档案 资料、在动物权组织正要行使创制权让宪法认可动物的权利时，强制解散组织。 在没有被起诉的情况下，这些领导者被警方以对付像黑手党之类的犯罪组织的法律 收押，而法院也裁定他们将被关到9月。 One, Martin Balluch, has been given a 1,500-page police file to justify his arrest. In the file his name is mentioned only three times, all in connection with media interviews or articles. Ironically Balluch, a brilliant man with doctorates in both physics and philosophy, is one of the foremost spokesmen in the worldwide animal rights movement for pursuing the nonviolent, democratic road to reform. In recent years, Austrian animal welfare organisations have been remarkably successful in persuading voters and legislators to support laws phasing out cages for egg-laying hens, cages for raising rabbits for meat, and raising animals for fur. As Balluch writes: "A law banning a whole industry does far more economic damage to the animal abuse industry than anything else the animal movement could do." 其中一位，Martin Balluch，被警方以一份1500页的文件来将他被逮补合法化。 在这份文件中，他的名字尽被提及三次，通通是跟新闻报导或访问有关。讽刺的， 身为优秀的物理与哲学博士的Balluch，是一位最热切的的动物权保护运动的辩 护者，长年致力於以民主、非暴力的手段达成目标。近年来，奥地利的动物保护 组织在宣导公民们支持禁止将蛋鸡和肉用兔关起来、饲养动物以取得毛皮的法案 上取得不小的成果。正如Balluch所言"一项禁止整个相关产业的法案对虐待动物 的经济活动所造成的打击，比其他任何动物权保护组织所能做的还要大上许多。 The police persecution appears to be an attempt by the conservative party, which controls the ministry of the interior, and its animal industry supporters to strike back at a legitimate, peaceful challenge to the way we treat animals. That this can happen in a European democracy is shocking. 看起来警方的逮补行动是出自於握有内政部的保守党派的策动。保守党派在动物产业 的支持者们正以法律与国家机器为武器，打算对动物权保护运动作出重大打击。 这种事情竟然能在欧州民主国家发生，真是难以想像。 · Peter Singer is professor of bioethics at Princeton University and author of Animal Liberation project-syndicate.org -- 国王用烟雾来迷惑我们，我们要联合向暴君开战。 让战士们在军队里罢工，停止镇压，离开暴力机器。 如果他们坚持护卫敌人，让我们英勇牺牲； 他们将会知道我们的子弹，会射向我们自己的将军。 国际歌 中文版 http://mymedia.yam.com/m/851626 --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 122.127.66.230 ※ 编辑: swallow73 来自: 122.127.66.230 (07/18 23:14) 请教一下对猿类比较了解的板友，在中文里chimpanzees、gorillas 和orang-utans是不是没有区隔，一律称为大猩猩?谢谢! ※ 编辑: swallow73 来自: 122.127.66.230 (07/18 23:26) --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 122.127.66.230 ※ swallow73:转录至看板 love-vegetal 07/18 23:58 ※ 编辑: swallow73 来自: 122.127.70.232 (07/20 07:13)