※ 引述《ckTHU (XD)》之铭言： : 有关两院制与美国首都政经分离的思辨 考古补充下 Thomas Jefferson 针对 Residence act of 1790《美国首都选址法》备忘录 来源 https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0176 Memorandum from Thomas Jefferson 汤玛斯·杰佛逊 的备忘录 [New York, 29 August 1790] #1 1790 年 8 月 29 日於纽约 Proceedings to be had under the Residence act. 对於《首都选址法》下应采取的程序 a territory not exceeding 10. miles square (or, I presume, 100 square miles in any form) to be located, by metes and bounds. 领土不得超过 10 英里见方（或者，我推测，无论何种形式不超过 100 英里见方）， 应根据范围跟界线进行定位。 3. commissioners to be appointed. 任命 3 位委员。 I suppose them not entitled to any salary. 我认为他们无权获得任何工资。 [If they live near the place they may, in some instances, be influenced by self interest, & partialities: but they will push the work with zeal. if they are from a distance, & Northwardly, they will be more impartial, but may affect delays.] #2 如果他们住在附近，在某些情况下可能受到自身利益和偏见影响；但会以热忱推进工作。 如果他们来自远方，北方，他们会更公正，但可能会造成延迟。 the Commissioners to purchase or accept “such quantity of land on the E. side of the river as the President shall deem proper for the U.S.” viz. for the federal Capitol, the offices, the President’s house & gardens, the town house, Market house, publick walks, hospital. for the President’s house, offices & gardens, I should think 2. squares should be consolidated. for the Capitol & offices one square. for the Market one square. For the Public walks 9. squares consolidated. 委员会应购买或接受“总统认为对美国适当的东侧土地数量”，即为联邦国会大厦、 政府办公室、总统府邸及花园、市政厅、市场、公共步道、医院。对於总统府邸、 办公室和花园，我认为应聚集在一起；对於国会大厦和办公室，一个区块； 对於市场，一个区块；对於公共步道，应合并九个区块。 the expression “such quantity of land as the President shall deem proper for the U.S.” is vague. it may therefore be extended to the acceptance or purchase of land enough for the town: and I have no doubt it is the wish, & perhaps expectation. in that case it will be to be laid out in lots & streets. I should propose these to be at right angles as in Philadelphia, & that no street be narrower than 100. feet, with foot-ways of 15. feet. where a street is long & level, it might be 120. feet wide. I should prefer squares of at least 200. yards every way, which will be of about 8. acres each. “总统认为对美国适当的土地数量”这一表述较为模糊。因此，它可以扩展为接受或购买 足够的土地以建设城市；我毫不怀疑这是愿望，甚至可能是期望。在这种情况下， 土地将被划分为地块和街道。我建议这些街道应该与费城一样呈直角排列， 并且每条街道的宽度不得小於 100 英尺，并设有 15 英尺宽的人行道。 如果某条街道又长又平，可以设为 120 英尺宽。我更偏好至少 200 英尺见方的区块， 这样每个区块大约有 8 英亩。 The Commissioners should have some taste in Architecture, because they may have to decide between different plans. 委员应该具备一些建筑学方面的品味，因为他们可能需要在不同的设计方案间做出决定。 They will however be subject to the President’s direction in every point. 然而，他们的所有决定都将受到总统指示的约束。 When the President shall have made up his mind as to the spot for the town, would there be any impropriety in his saying to the neighboring landholders, “I will fix the town here if you will join & purchase & give the lands.” they may well afford it from the increase of value it will give to their own circumjacent lands. 当总统确定了城市的具体位置後，他是否合适告诉邻近的土地所有者： “如果你们愿意加入、购买并捐赠土地，我会将城市建在这里。” 他们完全有能力从土地增值中获益，因此这样的提议并不过分。 The lots to be sold out in breadths of 50. feet: their depths to extend to the diagonal of the square. 这些地块将以 50 英尺宽的尺寸出售，深度延伸至区块的对角线。 I doubt much whether the obligation to build the houses at a given distance from the street, contributes to it’s beauty. it produces a disgusting monotony. all persons make this complaint against Philadelphia. the contrary practice varies the appearance, & is much more convenient to the inhabitants. 我怀疑限制建设时与街道保持一定距离，是否对城市美观有所贡献。 这种规定会导致单调的城市景观，许多人都对费城这种做法提出批评。 相反，允许建筑物灵活布局可以增加城市的多样性和居民的便利性。 In Paris it is forbidden to build a house beyond a given height, & it is admitted to be good restriction. it keeps down the price of ground, keeps the houses low & convenient, & the streets light & airy. fires are much more manageable where houses are low. this however is an object of legislation. 在巴黎，禁止建筑物超过一定高度，这被认为是一个很好的限制。 它可以降低地价，使房屋低矮、舒适，街道明亮通风，并更容易控制火灾。 然而，这需要通过立法来实施。 #1 This date has been supplied on the authority of a 29 Aug. 1790 entry in Jefferson's “Summary Journal of Public Letters”stating, “Note of Th:J. on agenda in the 10. miles square” (Boyd, Jefferson Papers, 17:461n.). 根据杰斐逊的《公共信件摘要日记》中1790年8月29日的记录， “关於10平方英里土地议程的托马斯·杰斐逊的笔记” （Boyd，《Jefferson Papers》，17:461n），提供了此日期。 #2 The brackets surrounding this paragraph appear in the MS. 括号中包含的这段文字出现在手稿中。 --

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