作者danyuchn (Javy)
看板GMAT
标题Re: [CR. ] 请教一题CR
时间Thu Apr 27 13:22:47 2017
※ 引述《Birou (十里春风不如你)》之铭言:
: Newspaper editorial:
: In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on
: criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been
: to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses.
: However, this action is clearly counter to the governor's ultimate goal,
: since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses
: committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.
平常做CR时,建议能够练习缩减资讯精炼故事:
为了减少犯罪率,政府打算不让囚犯上课。
但是这会跟目的抵触,因为有上课的出狱後再犯次数较低。
相信原PO对C的答案思路应该没什麽问题,做题时应该是A/C在犹豫。
所以这里专门针对A分享一些实战中逻辑要高分必须注意的陷阱。
: Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
: A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely
: to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
这里是一个假设题上很常见的陷阱混淆选项。
遇到带两个否定的因果(如这里的be unlikely to deter表因果)的时候,
要特别注意逻辑上的等价命题:若P则Q只能推到若非Q则非P(注意是逆否),
反之亦然——若非Q则非P 只能推回 若P则Q。
P->Q 绝对可以推出 Q'->P' 但绝对不会等於 P'->Q'
比如若下过雨(P)则地上会湿(Q),可以推得「若地上没湿(Q'),则一定没下过雨(P')」
但绝对不能说「若没下过雨(P'),则地上一定不会湿(Q')」
强化完这个观念,我们就来看A选项要怎麽推等价命题:
Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison (Q') is
unlikely to deter (P') anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise
have committed.
(Q':若不能上课,则P':不太会停止犯罪)
只能推得P->Q:若可以阻止这些人犯罪,则这些人是会有机会受到教育的。
(很明显的主题无关)
但不能推得Q->P:若能上课则会停止犯罪。
(我猜这就是原po一开始看到A选项会觉得不错的原因:
如果能上课就不会犯罪的话,确认上课必要性,结论不就成立了吗?)
所以请原po以後看到双重否定因果的时候,多留意就好。
不需要每个选项都这样推,太累了XD
Dustin
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※ 编辑: danyuchn (220.136.39.204), 04/27/2017 13:23:41
※ 编辑: danyuchn (220.136.39.204), 04/27/2017 21:16:23