作者danyuchn (Javy)
看板GMAT
标题Re: [CR. ] Assumption - 跳跃思考
时间Wed Jul 22 22:30:44 2015
完整版:
http://dustingmat.blogspot.tw/2015/07/blog-post_22.html
感谢分享
补充一个判断方式
怎麽样判断有「跳跃概念」出现呢?
首先,你必须抓到结论句
(相信结论句怎麽抓应该是众版友必备能力)
结论句出现premise中没有提到的新概念,即为有可能出现跳跃概念的地方。
for example:
他家很有钱,所以他一定不会贪污。
Premise:D的家里很有钱
Conclusion:D一定不会贪污
「贪污」是Premise中没有提到过,而结论才出现的概念,所以结论要成立
必须要把「贪污」跟「家里有钱」连结在一起
故assumption:很有钱的人一定不会贪污
再举一例:
for example:
Premise:P是医生
Conclusion:P不适合当市长
「市长」是premise没提到,在结论才出现的概念,那就要去把
「市长」跟premise已有的概念「医生」结合在一起。
故assumption:作医生的人不适合当市长。
(p.s. 以上即为689的神逻辑 ㄎㄎ)
< 此处以OG2016新题举例 >
41. Although there is no record of poet Edmund Spenser’s parentage,
we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School
in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate
that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser:
Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s
Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.” Of
these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most likely
Edmund’s father, since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar
who attended the school at a reduced fee.
题目大意:
谁是Edmund Spenser的老爸?
premise 1. 我们能确定的是他老爸在1560-1570年间有入裁缝师学校
去调资料,发现当时学校记录里有三个Spenser:
1. Robert Spenser 上流绅士
2. Nicholas Spenser 学院主任
3. John Spenser 做衣服的的零工
(we do know that as a youth Spenser attended the Merchant Tailors’ School
in London for a period between 1560 and 1570. Records from this time indicate
that the Merchant Tailors’ Guild then had only three members named Spenser:
Robert Spenser, listed as a gentleman; Nicholas Spenser, elected the Guild’s
Warden in 1568; and John Spenser, listed as a “journeyman cloth-maker.”)
premise 2. Edmund上学的时候是缴减免过的学费。
(since school accounting records list Edmund as a scholar
who attended the school at a reduced fee.)
结论:最不有钱的那个John Spenser一定是他老爸
( Of these, the last was likely the least affluent of the three—and most
likely Edmund’s father,)
有没有发现?
结论突然跳出一个「有没有钱」(affluent)的新概念,
在前面的premise 1 没有提到(只有讲职业),
premise 2也没有提到(只有讲reduced fee)
判断出结论出现前面premise没有提到的新概念之後,
答案就是往断桥的方向走,试图建立 「有没有钱」与「减免学费」之间的关系:
(E) The Merchant Tailors’ School did not reduce its fees for the children
of the more affluent Guild members.
有钱的人不会被减免学费。
此即为正确答案
有机会再跟版友们一起分享更多自修心得
也谢谢Donz老师在此热心分享
Dustin
※ 引述《ndxica ()》之铭言:
: 完整版: http://ndxica.pixnet.net/blog/post/31916929
: Assumption 为做出一个完整的 Argument or Plan 时,一个已经认定的既定事实。
: 既然是既定事实。则此 Argument or Plan 就会有一个 "似有似无" 的跳跃思考部分。
: For example: 我讨厌说谎的人,所以我讨厌政治家。
: 中间跳跃思考部分,很明显的就是"政治家就是说谎的人"。
: 因为这是认定事实,所以不会在 argument 时出现。
: 而这是 Assumption 最基本的定义及思考方向。
: OG 的例题如下:
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But
: since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with
: an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason,
: cabinetmaking is not art.
: Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion
: above from the reason given for that conclusion?
: Ans: An object is not an art object if its maker
: pays attention to the object's practical utility.
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 用中文简单陈述一下,作者在题目中,认为
: 木匠做家具注重实用性 --> 木工不是艺术
: 很明显,他将实用性和艺术当成一项因果关系做成 Argument,
: 所以这里就是跳跃思考之处。一般来说,
: 我们并不会认为这两者有绝对的关系。
: 所以作者必定认为注重实用性的就不是艺术,也就是我们的答案。
: 在此加入第二个 Example:
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because,
: with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the
: requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
: The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
: Ans: Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are
: unsuited to the requirements of the job.
: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 用中文简单陈述一下,作者在题目中,认为 应徵者不合工作需求,将会排除在考量之外
: --> Interview 是一个很重要的应徵过程
: 在这个因果关系当中,原因并没有陈述 interview 的作用,
: 但结论却直接下了和 Interview 很重要的结论。
: 因此,对作者来说,Interview 有分辨应徵者是否合乎工作需求的功能。
: 有如此的答案 (Answer C) 即可填入:
: 面试官可以明确分辨应徵者是否不合工作需求
: 所以在解 Assumption 第一步,就是先看是否有跳跃思考的空间,
: 有解释跳跃思考的答案,则为不错的答案可填入。
--
Dustin Deng
(一战自修760,AWA 5.5)
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※ 编辑: danyuchn (42.73.245.179), 07/22/2015 22:31:52
※ 编辑: danyuchn (42.73.245.179), 07/22/2015 22:37:49
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