我来分享一个5分的AWA模板，用结构式作文的方式帮助大家掌握得分之钥。 不论是Issue、还是Argument，我都采用5段式作文，第一段是引言段，抄题目， 并提出立场或题目所犯的逻辑错误；第二、三、四段是主体段，每段提出一个 reason，并举一个example去support它；第五段是结论段，summarize主体段的 reasons，最後restate引言段的立场或逻辑错误。如此才能环环相扣、头尾呼应 、结构缜密。另外，关於Argument作文，我的心得是只要模板的句型结构可以套 用，通通打上去，不要管它究竟犯了几个逻辑错误，这是一个强迫取分的战术， 毕竟时间有限，要尽可能把模板套用上去，把文章塞满。实际考试的时候，先把 各段的模板打上去，把文章的骨架先弄出来，然後用reason跟example把文章的 肉补进去。通常模板(骨架)打上去就有120~150字了，剩下二、三、四段的reason 跟example，每段花50~60个字做说明，这样就有洋洋洒洒300字了。而且，这个 模板还有一个好处，首尾两段一开始就套公式写好了，所以万一时间来不及，你 的句子会断在第四段最後一句，但不影响文章整体结构，还是可以拿5分。接下 来，我来说明Issue跟Argument的模板该如何使用？ ISSUE 引言段： 第一句：抄题目 第二句：众说纷纭，套万用句，一句用在第一段；一句用在最後一段。 (1)Views differ greatly when it comes to the issue of whether/ the statement that (2)People respond differently to the issue of whether 第三句：立意，同意/不同意；全部/部分(partially agree with)， 套万用句，一句用在第一段；一句用在最後一段。 (1)My personal experience and actual observations of life have led me to conclude that (2)I strongly agree with this statement for the following reasons. 主体段：分成二、三、四段，每段包含三部份─reason、example，最後再 改写reason(也就是换句话说)，用来冲字数。但如果举的example 内容够多，可以把改写reason这一部份省略掉。 First of all, reason 1 + example + 改写reason 1 In addition, reason 2 + example + 改写reason 2 Finally, reason 3 + example + 改写reason 3 补充：请尽量使用下列连接词、副词做为每一句的开头。AWA用电脑阅卷时 ，会去扫这些连接词、副词，是否跟你引言段的立场相同或违背。 电脑不可能聪明到能理解你的立场，但它至少能透过这些关键字去 分析你的文章是否前後矛盾、立论不一致，所以要多用、善用这些 连接词、副词，一方面增加字数；一方面帮助电脑做有效分析，以 真实反映你的程度。 转折：However, Nevertheless, On the contrary, On the other hand 因果：Therefore, Consequently, As a result, Thus, Hence 举例：For example/instance 强调：Moreover, Furthermore, Besides, In addition, In fact, In other words, 结论段： 第一句：In conclusion, + 众说纷纭 第二句：summarize主体段的reasons 第三句：restate position(改写立意那一句) PS.Issue与Argument不同点：用「众说纷纭」取代「主题句」，并多了「立意」。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Argument 引言段： 第一句：抄题目 第二句：主题句，指出题目所犯的逻辑错误(套万用句，一句用在第一段；一句 用在最後一段)。请注意，Argument作文一定要持反对立场，这样才能 引用万用句去攻击它。万用句我分成两种，一种是通用型的，不管犯 什麽逻辑错误都可以套；一种是特殊型的，必须针对特定逻辑错误才 可以套用。 主体段：结构同Issue的主体段。唯一不同的是，在行文中，如果句型结构可以 套得上去，就把针对特定逻辑错误的模板引用上去，以充实版面。就算 套三、四个特定逻辑错误的模板也没关系，因为题目的论述所犯的逻辑 错误绝对不只一个，就尽情发挥吧！ 结论段： 第一句：In conclusion, + restate主题句(套另一句万用句) 第二句：summarize主体段的reasons 第三句：结尾句 万用句：不论犯什麽逻辑错误都可以套。 第一段：However, I do not think the argument is logically convincing because some of the assumptions on which its conclusion rests are highly questionable for the following reasons. 第一段：At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it is based on some dubious assumptions. 最後一段：In conclusion, the author’s argument is not well reasoned because it rests on questionable assumptions. 最後一段：The argument is not acceptable because it does not have sufficient evidence to support its conclusion. 针对特定逻辑错误的万用句： ★过度简化(oversimplification)：找更多factors. 第一段：At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it leaves out some significant factors that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. 最後一段：Therefore, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the author claims. 最後一段：The argument is mainly flawed because it overlooks certain major considerations. 最後一段：What works for X will not necessarily work for Y. ★错误类比(faulty analogy)： 第一段：I wonder whether the comparison of two things suggests that they are similar when they are, in fact, distinctively different. 最後一段：The argument wrongly assumes that X and Y are analogous. ★不合逻辑的推论(illogical reasoning)或无法检验的论点： 第一段：The argument is based on the writer’s own speculation rather than on the result of a study or on the government-released information. What is worse, he is trying to pass his speculation off as an established fact. 最後一段：The argument is invalid because its assumption that_______ is highly questionable. 以偏概全(overgeneralization)： 第一段：The author makes a logical connection between A and B, but he does not supply enough information to support its generalization. 最後一段：The evidence that the author lays out is not conclusive because only one example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. 误用统计数字： 第一段：The argument makes a seemingly attractive claim, but its persuasive force is seriously weakened by the misinterpretation of its statistics. 最後一段：The author fails to interpret those statistics correctly. 时间先後不能视为因果 第一段：The author assumes that because one event follows another in time, the first event caused the second. In other words, he mistakes a temporal connection for a causal connection. 第一段：______may be a matter of coincidence, not cause and effect. 最後一段：There is no proof of a direct-cause relationship between X and Y. 最後一段：A post-hoc fallacy makes the argument invalid. 抽象概念被视为具体事实 第一段：An abstract concept is used as if it were concrete reality. 最後一段：The credibility of the survey is in doubt. If the survey is conducted by a reliable institution, the argument will be more convincing. PS.打★是最常考的逻辑错误，如果模板背不完，至少要把打★的部份背熟。 下载网址：http://www.formosamba.com/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=30845 ※ 编辑: senge 来自: 219.81.224.130 (02/27 09:05)