※ 引述《aquariuX (我可不可以不勇敢)》之铭言： : 我们来看看 FIBA 是怎麽解释的吧。 : 采自 FIBA BASKETBALL STATISTICS MANUAL： : TURNOVER 失误 : Turnover is a mistake by an offensive player that results in : the defensive team gaining the possession of the ball without : the offensive team having attempted a field goal or free throw, : except when period time expires without such an attempt. 所谓失误指进攻球员所犯之错误，非因进攻球队投射或罚球而导致防守 球队获得球权。但进攻时间已届而未试投者不在此限。 : Any offensive violation by a player will result a turnover : being charged, for example three second violation, offensive : foul, offensive goal tending, double dribble, etc. 球员所为之任何进攻违例行为皆以失误计算，如篮下三秒、进攻犯规、 进攻妨碍中篮、两次运球等。 : Likewise, an offensive mistake such as passing the ball directly : out of bounds or fumbling the ball in such a way it is recovered : by the defensive team will result a turnover being charged. 同理，如直接将球传出界外，或掉球使防守球队得以获得球权的进攻错 误，均以失误计算之。 : It is important to understand when a team has the control of : the ball, so that the statistician understand the opportunity : lost when they turn the ball over. A team is in control of the : ball when: 了解球队是否拥有球的控制是很重要的。如此当球队丧失该控制时，纪 录员便得以了解此时发生了失误。以下为球队控制球的情形： : ‧A player of that team is holding or dribbling a live ball. ‧该球队球员正持有或运行活球。 : ‧The ball is at its disposal for a throw-in during an out-of-bounds : situation. ‧球正处於从界外被抛入场内的状态。 : ‧The ball is at its disposal of a team for the first or only : free throw. ‧球正处於球队第一次或唯一一次罚球机会的抛射状态。 : ‧The ball is passed between teammates. ‧球正处於队友互传的状态。 : If the offensive team is forced into a held ball by the action of : a defensive player the result of the alternating possession rule : will determine the statistic to be awarded: 若进攻球队因防守球员的行为而陷入争球状态，则球权轮替规则将决定数 据的给予： : ‧If the offensive team wins possesion as a result of the alternating : possession rule - NO statistic are awarded. ‧若进攻球队因球权论替规则获得球权 ─ 不计任何数据。 : ‧If the defensive team wins possession as a result of the alternating : possession rule - award a turnover to the offensive player at : fault and a steal to the defensive player that intiated the turnover. ‧若防守球队因球权轮替规则获得球权 ─ 计可归责的进攻球员失误，并 计导致对方失误的球员一抄截。 : It can sometimes be difficult to decide if the passer or reciever : is responsible for a turnover when the reciever fumbles a pass. If : the statistician considers the pass should have been caught, award : the turnover to the reciever, but the general rule is that the passer : is responsible for the pass. 当接球者漏接，决定失误为可归责於传球者或接球者，有时是很困难的。 若是纪录员认为该传球足以被接住时，应计接球者失误。但原则上该传球 系传球者的责任。 : In some situations, a turnover could be classified as more than : one type, for example, when a bad pass causes a teammate to commit : a violation by stepping out of the court to retrieve the ball. : The statistician must recognize how the turnover was originally : caused. In this example, the bad pass caused the violation so credit : the player that passed the ball with a passing turnover. 在某些情形，失误可能不只有一个认定。例如，当一个导致队友发生因救 球而踩出界外没传好的球发生违例，纪录员应认清该失误最原先发生的因 素。在此例中，乃这没传好的球导致违例的发生，故应计传球者传球失误 。 : Examples: 范例： : 1. A5 has the ball stolen from him as he is dribbling down the : court. : → A5 is charged with a ball handling turnover. 1. 当 A5 运球前进时，球被抄走。 → 计 A5 控球失误。 : 2. A5 passes the ball and it goes straight out of bounds. : → A5 receives a passing turnover. 2. A5 传球，然球直接出了界外。 → 计 A5 传球失误。 : 3. A5 makes a good pass but A4 drops the ball, resulting in B5 : picking the ball up. : → A4 is awarded a ball handling turnover, B5 does not receive : a steal as they simply benefited from a mistake. 3. A5 传出好球但 A4 掉球，B5 藉此将球拾起。 → 计 A4 控球失误，但 B5 不因此获得抄截。因为他仅单纯自失误 得益。 : 4. A5 commits a violation (travelling, double dribble, etc) that : results in the opposition receiving the ball. : → A violation turnover is credited to A5. 4. A5 违例 (走步、两次运球等)，导致对手获得球权。 → 计 A5 违例失误。 : 5. A5 fouls whilst his team is in offence (either charges a player : or fouls without the ball). : → An offensive foul turnover is charged to A5. 5. 当对球队进攻时，该队球员犯规 (带或不带球皆是)。 → 计 A5 进攻失误。 如有错误还请不吝指教。谢谢。 -- 来人呀，快把 A5 拖下去打！ --

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