本周六的Book版 一篇讨论 小说中的人物 到底是纯粹虚构还是 反映你我他 除了讨论小说家刻画人物的技巧 到底小说家 轻描淡写 或是 苦心经营的 主人翁 读者怎麽看待 怎麽反应 同时还进一步讨论 EM Foster对於小说人物的看法 (文章太长 仅节录几段) http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,2246855,00.html A life of their own Saturday January 26, 2008 The Guardian ..................................... a great deal of nonsense is written about characters in fiction - from those who believe too much in character and from those who believe too little. Those who believe too much have an iron set of prejudices about what characters are: we should get to "know" them; they should not be "stereotypes", they should "grow" and "develop"; and they should be nice. So they should be pretty much like us. A glance at the thousands of foolish "reader reviews" on Amazon, with their complaints about "dislikeable characters", confirms a contagion of moralising niceness. Again and again, in book clubs up and down the country, novels are denounced because some feeble reader "couldn't find any characters to identify with", or "didn't think that any of the characters 'grow'". On the other side, among those with too little belief in character, we hear that characters do not exist at all. ........ But of course characters are assemblages of words, because literature is such an assemblage of words: this tells us absolutely nothing, and is like elaborately informing us that a novel cannot really create an imagined "world", because it is just a bound codex of paper pages. ............................................ The truth is that the novel is the great virtuoso of exceptionalism: it always wriggles out of the rules thrown around it. And the novelistic character is the very Houdini of that exceptionalism. There is no such thing as "a novelistic character". There are just thousands of different kinds of people, some round, some flat, some deep, some caricatures, some realistically evoked, some brushed in with the lightest of strokes. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Perhaps because I am not sure what a character is, I find especially moving those postmodern novels,... in which we are confronted with characters at once real and unreal. In these novels, the authors ask us to reflect on the fictionality of the heroes and heroines who give the books their titles. And in a fine paradox, it is precisely such reflection that stirs in the reader a desire to make these fictional characters "real", to say, in effect, to the authors: "I know that they are only fictional - you keep on telling me this. But I can only know them by treating them as real." ... An unreliable narrator insists that Professor Pnin is "a character" in two senses of the word: a type (clownish, eccentric émigré), and a fictional character, the narrator's fantasy. .... --

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