Separation of electron and nuclear motion separation of the electron and nuclear motions was first formulated in a precise manner by Born and Oppenheimer in 1927 although the mathematical details of the approximation are not of interest to most chemists, the results have considerable importance because it is only within this approximation that one can introduce the concept of a molecular potential energy surface and potential energy surfaces are central to our understanding of molecular structure, spectroscopy and chemical kinetics the vast evidence of molecular spectroscopy shows that it is a good approximation to talk about rotational, vibrational and electronic energies as separate entities and this shows that the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is a good starting point for molecular wavefunctions --

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