In order to conquer China, the Japanese government sponsored the creation of many new type of weapons such as the 38-calibre rifle, cannons,and even chemical and bacteriological weapons. Many of these weapons transgressed international treaty prohibitions,and as well as human nature itslef. Japanese soldiers also accepted cruel military training . It was often heard that older soldiers liked to maltreat the recruits.To the contrary,antiquated Chinese weapons had been produced in Germany during World War I, or even earlier.Many Chinese soldiers used swords in stead of old-type rifles because of financial constraints. We can compare the Japanese army to a heavyweight boxer and the Chinese army to a featherweight boxer. Japanese military commanders had boasted, and seriously believed, that Japan could conquer all of mainland China within three months.But conquering China proved to be a much more difficult task than the Japanese had anticipated.The single battle in Shanghai cost the aggressor Japanese army three months. In the summer of 1937, Japan finally provoked a full-scale war with China. The pretext was that a Japanese soldier had failed to appear during roll call. Using this incident as an excuse, Japanese troops demanded that a search for the soldier be conducted by troops marching through city.The Chinese commander refused.The Japanese shelled the fort.And the war broke out at the Marco Polo Brigde.It was also the beginning of a long heroic story. Japanese artillery attacked Wanping. General Zhou, the132th Division commander ,and General Tong, the 29th brigade commander, separately led their subordinates in fighting back against the aggressor Japanese army in Wanping. At last, they fell back in battle, including two brave generals.They had sacrificed their live for their country. After one month, Beijing fell to the aggressor Japanese army. Many women were raped by Japanese soldiers,while innocent people and POWs were brutally tortured. On their way to Shanghai, the Japanese army attacked Baoshan. General Yao, the 3rd regiment commander, defended Baoshan on orders. He told his subordinates: “Our loyalty will leave a page in the annals”. He led his troops in defeating the Japanese army twice,but the enemy greatly outnumbered them. At last, all of the regiment was bravely sacrificed. Although valiant generals and soldiers die on the battlefield, their loyal spirits would bless and protect their country until invading Japanese army retreated.On August 12 , Japane setroops, army , navy and air force laid siege having gathered 10 division , totaling ,250 thousand soldiers. The Japanese air force bombed buildings indiscriminately, including: hospitals, schools, government buildings, train stations and even trains filled with refugees The invading troops set up many machine guns and artillery pieces on the outskirts of Shanghai.Many bullets flew through steets, but many Chinese soldiers around Shanghai sang the song:“The Chinese People will never Come to an End” The battle shook the skies and the land. The Chinese government mobilized 47 Divisions, totaling 800 thousand soldiers,for the defense of Shanghai. At first, the brave Chinese 88th and 87th Divisions were able here to defeat Japanese troops once time. However, Japanese'reinforcements were on their way. Japanese marines disembarked in Hangzhou Bay. The Chinese army had no alternative but to retreated from Shanghai. Japanese troops lost fifty thousand soldiers while Chinese troops lost three hundred thousand soldiers in Shanghai.This battle also silenced the wild boasting on the part of Japanese military leaders. The notorious unit called 731 was set up in northeast of China in Harbin city during World War II. They invented chemical and bacteriological weapons by experimenting on human bodies.The torture that the Japanese inflicted upon the native population almost surpasses the limits of human comprehension. Here are only a few examples:they grabbed many innocent people, such as POWs , women, Soviet civilians and even children. They put them in rooms containing toxic air. In order to test the endurance of the human body, they put these victims into large freezer compartment or large oven and let them freeze to death or to die from heat and dehydration.They wanted to know whether animal blood could replace human blood,injecting a horse’s blood into a a live human body .They would cut a victim’s esophagus so that food could not enter victim's stomach.They bound victims and threw in bacteriological bombs so that victims would broke out all kinds of disease such as typhoid, cholera, plague,anthrax and so on.They bound innocent people to beds,peeled off the skin and extracted the organs whiles they were still alive,...etc. These are just a few small example of the atrocities that occurred.The 731 leader was Ishi shiro.I feel deeply regret that the American government invited him secretly to become an American professor of bacteriology. Justice cannot always be upheld.While Hitler killed himself in May of 1945 ,Japanese emperor,Hirohito,remained alive until 1989.After World War II, up to 1300 Nazi officers were sentenced to death,while many hateful Japanese war felons lived happily.International justice should not behave this way. Many people said that the Japanese government had bribed the American government with a great deal of gold which had been looted from Asia,so that Japanese officers and the emperor could evade trial.I hope that this scandal is not true.The Soviet Union had arrested four Unit 731 officers,and the consequence of subsequent judgments were translated into eleven languages. Western countries never paid attention to this document because of the advent of the Cold War. ꘊ --

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