南半球极度乾燥 智利遭逢50年最严重森林大火 建立於: 2017/02/09 上稿编辑: 邹敏惠 摘译自2017年2月6日ENS智利，圣地牙哥报导；姜唯编译；蔡丽伶审校 智利发生50年来最严重的森林大火，从1月中至今陆续超过100起野火，延烧超过50万公顷 土地。浓烟让消防队员难以控制火势，整个智利中部和南部每天都有新的热点出现。目前 包括消防员在内已经有11人死亡。部分野火波及国际鸟盟认定的重要鸟类与生物多样性地 区。 智利总统巴舍莱（Michelle Bachelet）宣布全国进入紧急状态。气象学家表示，整个南 半球正经历异常乾燥、风强的夏季，正是野火产生的绝佳环境。 http://imgur.com/rBEevE1.jpg 森林大火。本图仅供示意用途。图片来源：Kari Greer/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters（CC BY 2.0） 森林运作中心（Forestry Operations Center, CONAF）主任Cristian Orellana说，火势 一个晚上就扩散超过1万公顷，延烧距离超过26公里，甚至大到飞机无法飞到上空撒水。 智利知名产酒区域的整个葡萄园都被摧毁。数千人被迫离开家园，1500多户家庭被完全破 坏。 欧盟透过欧洲公民保护与人道救援总署（Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations）提供协助。创立於2001年的欧洲公民保 护机制（EU Civil Protection Mechanism）协调全欧国家级的公民保护当局，提供灾後 立即援助。 EUCPM森林火灾专家José Almovodovar搭直昇机视察过火灾区域後表示，从未见过范围如 此大、破坏如此严重的森林火灾。 国际鸟盟智利分会（CODEFF）指出，火灾使野生动物逃离森林、前往人居地区寻找粮食与 避难处。CODEFF已经动员志愿者提供协助。 部分野火波及区域是国际鸟盟认定的重要鸟类与生物多样性地区。全国的野生动物复健中 心都在治疗鸟类、蛇，以及狐狸、豹和美洲狮等哺乳动物。 CODEFF发起帮烧伤动物搜集医疗补给品的活动，并和其他政府机关与非政府组织进入最偏 远地区寻找受伤动物。 智利森林大火规模之大，从太空就可看到恩佩德拉多城附近有一条烧焦的痕迹。美国太空 总署科学家表示，今年智利的大火发生次数是2003至2016年乾季火灾发生次数的10倍以上 。 http://imgur.com/RNqsbR3.jpg 2010年的智利野火，外太空也清晰可见。图片来源：NASA（CC BY 2.0） 研究火灾卫星资料15年之久的美国海军研究实验室气象学家 Michael Fromm说：「在我看来这是前所未见的火灾，浓烟量和飘散高度都非常惊人，火 势远超过该区域的一般火灾。」 以下节录原文: 'Extreme' Chilean Wildfires Worst in Decades SANTIAGO, Chile, February 6, 2017 (ENS) In Chile’s worst fire disaster in 50 years, the South American country has lost over half a million hectares to more than 100 wildfires that first flared up in mid-January. The blazes have frustrated firefighters’ efforts to control them, with new hot spots emerging daily across the central and southern regions. Eleven fatalities have been reported, many of them firefighters. Meteorologists say the entire Southern Hemisphere is experiencing an unusually dry, windy summer, ideal conditions for wildfires to burn out of control. Chilean President Michelle Bachelet has declared a national state of emergency. As of today, 26 fires are more or less under control, but at least six wildfires are still raging, according to the Forestry Operations Center, CONAF. Cristian Orellana, who manages CONAF in the central Chilean region of Maule has been supervising the response to the largest fire in the country. “In a single night, the fire spread over 10,000 hectares, covering 26 kilometers,” he said. “The heat was such that even planes couldn’t fly over to drop water,” said Orellana. Entire vineyards in Chile’s famous wine region have been destroyed. Thousands of people have had to flee their homes, and over 1,500 houses have been completely destroyed. The European Union is offering assistance through its Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. Established in 2001, the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, EUCPM, coordinates national civil protection authorities across Europe to deliver immediate assistance in the aftermath of a disaster. “I have never seen such widespread damage and such a level of destruction,” says José Almovodovar, an EUCPM expert in forest fires, after viewing the region from a helicopter. Wild animals are fleeing the forests towards inhabited areas in search of food and shelter, says CODEFF, the BirdLife International affiliate in Chile, which has mobilized volunteers to help them. Some of the areas affected by the wildfires have been assessed as being Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas by BirdLife International. Wildlife rehabilitation centers across the country are treating birds, snakes and mammals such as foxes, leopards and cougars. CODEFF is running a campaign to collect medicines and medical supplies for the treatment of burned animals. CODEFF is coordinating with various government agencies and other NGOs to go to the most remote areas in search of injured animals. The fires can be seen from space, and their pattern includes a massive burn scar near Empedrado. Scientists with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA say this year’s Chilean fires are 10 times more numerous that those recorded during the dry seasons from 2003 to 2016. “This is unprecedented from my perspective. The smoke plumes are huge in abundance and altitude,” said Michael Fromm, a meteorologist with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory who has been studying satellite fire data for 15 years. “Fires have gotten much larger and much more energetic than typical for that area.” 来源网址： https://goo.gl/7aoiWI --

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