以下是财政原文课本的两个段落，这个章节主要在讲「美国的移转支付」的问题（公共选 择的观点下），其中其实有五六个段落是老师要求我们自己读，基本上是希望我们理解「 人们为什麽会从自私到愿意捐钱给社会福利机构」的问题，我打的是比较难懂也比较重要 的两个段落，老师要我们读的范围我大概还ok，[ ] 的部份还好， ” ”的部份则是几乎 无法理解，如果各位大大能整体提一下我将会非常感激，若没有很多时间的大大，能够帮 助我引号的部份我也万分感谢！！！ 这是期中考考题...老师目前坚持不公布答案...只好求救於...各位大大...T^T Q：详细比较公共选择观点（public choice perspective）与主流观点（mainstream view）对社会保险（social security）与社会救济（social assistance）的看法的异同 。 The Public Choice Perspective on Public Assistance（这是课本那段标题） 下面取三段 People may be self-interested, but they also clearly have altruistic or charitable impulses that contribute to their own utility. We know this because many people contribute to private charities and their contributions are entirely voluntary. These contributions obviously increase the donor’s own utility or they would not be given. Public assistance can be viewed as an extension of private charity – the free-rider problem. Before looking at the free-rider problem associated with charitable giving, note the subtle difference in the mainstream and public choice views of public assistance. [[[ The mainstream, social welfare view of public assistance sees it as a win-lose proposition. When wearing their other-interested hats and thinking about distributive justice, people conclude that public assistance is appropriate. """They would rather not pay the taxes to support public assistance from their narrow self-interested economic perspective, but they reluctantly do so to support the public interest in end-results equity. Under this line of thought, public assistance is viewed as a win-lose proposition: the poor beneficiaries of public assistance gain utility but the nonpoor lose utility when they pay their taxes. Not so under the public choice perspective.""" Voluntary gifts to private charities are clearly a win-win proposition: the donors gain utility along with the beneficiaries of their gifts. Since public assistance is just an extension of private charity, it too is a win-win proposition. ]]] Win-win proposition sound more like issues of efficiency than of equity. Recall that inefficiencies place society below its utility possibilities frontier. Correcting an inefficiency and returning to the frontier leads to the possibility that everyone gains. In contrast, the mainstream view of redistributional policies is that they move society along the utility possibilities frontier, with the result that some people gain and others lose. 最後，不管有没有帮忙，感谢看完的各位。 --

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