刚刚在网路上查了一下mind-wandering http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Mind-wandering 不知mind-wandering可不可以翻译成「胡思乱想」 似乎对於不快乐，忧郁的人，很容易发生mind-wandering的情形，无法专注在事情上面 在这文章中也有提到人脑的预设值是倾向於mind-wandering 对於这篇文，我有一些问题，请见文章中 Mind-wandering (Smallwood and Schooler, 2006) refers to the experience that thoughts rarely stand still (our train of thought, see William James). When not engaged in a complex task our thoughts flit easily from topic to topic . These experiences are referred to as mind-wandering and are usually defined by their lack of relation to the task in hand (task unrelated thought). Mind-wandering is common during driving and reading, when vigilance may not be high. In these situations, it seems that we have no memory of what happened in the surrounding environment whilst we were pre-occupied with our thoughts (Smallwood et al., 2003). Mind-wandering is also closely linked to states of affect; studies suggests that task unrelated thought is common when in states of low or depressed mood (Smallwood et al., 2007, 2009). Recently, mind-wandering has become a growing research topic in cognitive psychology, cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. In particular, mindwandering refers to a sub-topic in the study of attention and consciousness, relating to times when our attention may lapse, or wander. Today's research on mind-wandering is largely based on the pioneering work of John Antrobus and Jerome Singer in the late 1960's (e.g., Antrobus et al., 1970). Mind-wandering and other private experiences can be studied using thought sampling, or simply asking participants what they are thinking about at any given moment. From a scientific perspective, two aspects of mind-wandering are of interest. The first is understanding how the brain produces what William James referred to in the Principles of Psychology as the stream of consciousness. This research is focused on understanding how the brain generates the spontaneous and relatively unconstrained thoughts that we experience when the mind-wanders. One candidate process for generating this aspect of experience is what Marcus Raichle referred to in 2001 as the default network, which depends on regions of the frontal and parietal cortex, which are highly active even when subjects are resting with their eyes closed (see Gusnard & Raichle, 2001 for a review). Studies now suggest that periods with a high incidence of mind-wandering are associated with greater default activity (Mason et al., 2007, Christoff et al., 2009) 这个default network, 我们可以说他是脑中线络的预设值吗？是不是可以说 我们大脑在没有特别的控制下，倾向於mine-wandering 我们可否也因此推断人类脑倾向被过去的事所占据，而趋於不快乐吗？ The second aspect of mind-wandering that interests scientists is what it means for our minds to process information that is unrelated to the outside environment. 当我忧郁症严重时期，我的确有很大的困难去接收四周的资讯， 也可以说我脑子被自己的不快乐给占据了吧 One way to describe this state of attention is to say that when the mind wanders awareness is decoupled from the task environment. Studies have suggested that when the mind wanders memory for concurrently presented information is impaired (Smallwood et al., 2003) and the cortex processes both task relevant information and irrelevant sensory information in a less detailed manner (Smallwood et al., 2008a, Kam et al., 2010). In tasks such as reading, mind-wandering is associated with a less detailed model of what is being read, leading to an impaired ability to make inferences about events that took place in the narrative (Smallwood et al., 2008b). In addition to neural models, computational models of consciousness based on the Global Workspace theory (Baars, 1988, 1997) suggest that mind-wandering, or "spontaneous thought," may involve competition between internally and externally generated activities attempting to gain access to a limited capacity central network (Dehaene & Changeux, 2005). -- 开心吧，感恩已有的一切，感谢世界是如此的美丽 套句国中时同学间所流行的口头禅 "smile~" --

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