数位电脑中的discrete所指的是数位电脑表达讯号的方式 是以电压讯号High or Low的组合来表示讯号,而不是以连续的波型 数位电脑之所以称为serial computer是因为它的运作方式是一次 处理一件事,循序执行. 可以想像做数学证明是一个一个步骤写下去(有时间上的顺序) 不能任意将两个步骤交换,以确保整个过程正确. 特性通常我们能以数学方式的验证数位电脑执行一项运算的正确性与执行时间. 然而处理复杂的问题则相当耗时. 神经系统distributed指的是神经系统的架构 是由许多神经元组成,神经元彼此之间有连结,并且能够"独立"完成简单的运算 然後透过连结将结果传给其他神经元. 可以把神经元想成一群人,其中某些人听到一则新闻(资料输入) 接着他们会把听到的讯息加入自己的想法告诉其他人, 并且依据彼此关系的差异,同一个讯息透露给其他人的程度也不相同 (这个过程大家能同时进行,因此称为平行处理) 最後由几位代表做结论(资料输出) 特性是能在短时间内输出答案(平行处理的关系),不过得到的不是精确的答案. ※ 引述《gonzdevour (吞食)》之铭言： : 我是学心灵哲学的，对电脑一窍不通。 : 想请问discrete和distributed这两个词的差异。 : 首先是Turing在Computing Machinery and Intelligence(1950)中， : 谈到神经系统与数位电脑的不同； : "The nervous system is certainly not a discrete state machine. : A small error in the information about the size of a nervous impulse : impinging on a neuron may make a large difference to the size of the : outgoing impulse. It may be argued that, this being so, one cannot : expect to be able to mimic the behavior of the nervous system with : a discrete state system." : Turing也提到人脑是"continuous machine"(对比discrete state machine)。 : 而John Searle在与Dennett论战的一篇文章中谈数位电脑与类神经网路的区别： : "A digital computer, the kind you are likely to buy in a store today, : proceed by a series of steps performed very rapidly, millions per second. : This is called a serial computer, and because the initial designs were : by John von Neumann, it is sometimes called a von Neumann machine. : Recently there have been efforts to build machines that operate in : parallel, that is , with several computaional channels working at once : and interacting with each other. In physical structure these are more : like human brains. They are not really much like brains, but certainly : they are more like brains than the traditional von Neumann machines. : Computations of this type are called variously : Parallel Distributed Processing, Neuronal Net Modeling, or simply : Connectionism." : 合这两篇来看， : 数位电脑又是discrete state machine, 又是serial machine， : 类神经网又是parallel distributed machine, 又是continuous machine。 : 想请问：既然serial，为何又可以discrete? : 既然continous, 为何又可以distributed? : 谢谢。 --

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