※ 引述《Richard77523 (拖鞋打蟑螂)》之铭言： : 共笔第十二册 : 32页 : 拜托不要扯上我 : 我绝对有将乳酸酸血症的临床翻译给组头 : 拜托不要扯上我 附上原稿 Clinical correlation15.5 乳酸酸血症：This is the characterized by elevated blood lactate levels, usually greater than 5 mM,这个疾病由血中乳酸盐浓度(通常超过5mM) With decreased blood pH and bicarbonate concentrations.和降低的血pH值和碳酸氢 盐浓度 Lactic acidosis is the most frequent from of metabolic acidosis and can be the consequence of overproduction of lactate, underutilization of lactate, or both.乳糖的酸中毒是来自代谢酸中毒的最频繁的，并且可能是乳酸盐的生 产过剩的结果，乳酸盐的利用不足，或者两个都有。 Lactate production is normally balanced by lactate utilization so that lactate is usually not present in the blood at concentrations greater than 1.2 mM. 乳酸盐产物通常被因 为乳酸盐的使用而平衡，通常不在於血液中不大於1.2mM All tissues can produce lactate by anaerobic glycolysis, but most tissues do not produce large quantities since they are well-supplied with oxygen and mitochondria.每个组织在无氧醣解时都会制造乳酸， 但他们在氧气充足且粒线体充足时不会置在大量的乳酸 However, all tissues respond with an increase in lactate generation when oxygenation is inadequate.然而全部 组织物在氧气不足时乳酸值就会增加。A decrease in ATP from reduced oxidative phosphorylation increases the activity of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase.因降低的氧 化的磷酸化作用而使的ATP 的减少，增加了6 phosphofructo-1-kinase的活动。 Thus, tissues have to rely on anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production under such conditions and overproduce lactic acid.因此，组织物必须为ATP 在这样的条件下的 生产倚赖无氧醣解并且超额生产乳酸。 A good example is muscle exercise, which can deplete the tissue of oxygen and cause and overproduction of lactic acid. 举例来说，肌肉练习，耗尽组织物的氧导致乳酸生产过剩。 Tissue hypoxia occurs, however, in all forms of shock, during convulsions, and in diseases involving circulatory and pulmonary failure.组织缺氧并发生抽筋与循环和肺衰竭有关。 The major fate of lactate in the body is either complete combustion to CO2 and H2O or conversion back to glucose by the process of gluconeogenesis, both require oxygen.在身体里的乳酸盐最後可能完全然收为水和二氧化碳或者变换透过醣类 新生的过程转变回葡萄糖，都需要氧。 Decreased oxygen availability, therefore, increases lactate production and decreases lactate utilization.可用的氧减少了 ，因此，增加乳酸盐产量，乳酸盐的使用减少。 The latter can also be decreased by liver diseases, ethanol, and a number of other drugs. 後者也能因肝病，酒精 和许多其他药降低。 Phenformin, a drug that was once used to treat the hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetes, was well-documented to induce lactic acidosis in certain patients. Phenformin，曾经被用来对待2 类型糖尿病的 hyperglycemia的一种药，被证明会引起某些病患乳酸中毒。 Bicarbonate is usually administered in an attempt to control the acidosis associated with lactic acid accumulation.碳酸氢盐通常被用於控制与乳酸累积相关 的酸中毒。 The key to successful treatment, however, is to find and eliminate the cause of the overproduction and/or underutilization of lactic acid and most often involves the restoration of circulation of oxygenated blood.但是，成功的处理的关键， 是要去发现并且消除生产过剩的原因和或乳酸的利用 不足并且与充氧血循环的恢复最为有关。 --

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