作者DharmaZen (达摩书院)
看板Buddhism
标题[转录] 唯识新引50 到了黄河不死心
时间Fri Jun 10 10:47:14 2011
唯识新引
《成唯识论》新解
唯识学会理事长张尚德讲述
达摩书院副院长黄高证记录
第五十次
自己永远搞自己
到了黄河不死心
《成唯识论》卷二
此识行相所缘云何。
谓不可知执受处了。
了谓了别。即是行相。识以了别为行相故。
处谓处所。即器世间。是诸有情所依处故。
执受有二。谓诸种子及有根身。
诸种子者谓诸相名分别习气。
有根身者谓诸色根及根依处。
此二皆是识所执受。摄为自体同安危故。
执受及处俱是所缘。
英译(韦达)
III AKARA AND ALAMBANA
Mode of Activity and Object of perception
What is the ‘mode of activity ’(of the Alayavijnana? And what is its‘
object of perception’ (alambana)?
Vasubandhu replies:
It is impossible to comprehend completely what it ‘holds and receives’
(upadi), its ‘place’ or ‘locality’(sthana),and its power of perception
and discrimination(vijnapti).
The ‘mode of activity’ of consciousness is perception or discrimination
(vijnapti), because it is in perception or discrimination that consciousness
has its mode of activity ( akara).
Perception is that which is called darsanabhaga, that aspect of consciousness
which is vision or perception.
The object of perception (alambana) of the Alayavijnana is twofold: its ‘
place’ (sthana) and ‘what ”it holds and receives’(upadi).
By ‘place’ or ‘locality’ is meant the receptacle-world, because it is the
place that supports all living beings.
The upadi is twofold: the Bijas and the ‘body with its sense-organs’. Upadi
means holding and receiving, that is to say, the Bijas and the physical body
are held received by the Alayavijnana.
By Bijas are meant three kinds of perfuming influence (vasana); image
(nimitta), name (nama), and discriminating influence (vikalpavasana).
By the ‘body with its sence-organs’ are meant the five material organs and
their support (i.e., their supporting physical body).
These two (Bijas and body) are held and received by the Alayavijnana
integrated in its being and sharing its good or bad destiny.
Both the upadi and the sthana are the objects of perception (alambana) of the
Alayavijnana.
中译(张尚德)
第三章、行相所缘分别
阿赖耶识活动的式样与觉知的对象(Mode of Activity and Object of perception)
阿赖耶识活动的式样是什麽呢?其所缘的觉知对象又是什麽呢?
(尚德按:
韦达将玄奘大师的《成唯识论》所指「行相所缘分别」译成「阿赖耶识活动的式样与觉知
的对象」,表现出他真懂唯识学。尚德在此赞叹,向韦达先生顶礼也。因为不管你什麽识
,除了在种种活动的式样与在种种活动式样中的对象以外,还有什麽呢?韦达真懂唯识。
)
世亲菩萨的回答是:
「那真是很难了解的:它们是:种种执着、种种的接受与觉受、种种的处所与种种的了别
。」
识的种种活动式样及行相,就是觉知和了别。因为有觉知和了别,才构成阿赖耶识的活动
行相。
(尚德按:
佛法,特别是唯识学,其核心问题是在了解人自己究竟是什麽。究实说来,人除了觉
受与了别以外,究竟还有什麽。问题在:
自己为什麽要觉知及了别?
觉知及了别的目的、结果又是什麽?
觉知及了别是从哪里来的?又到哪里去?)
觉知,称为「见分」,亦即识的视域和觉知。
(尚德按:
这一段是韦达先生自己加上去的,《成唯识论》原文没有这一段。)
阿赖耶识所缘有两重,即处与执受。
「处」就是在空间所在地的处所。也就是包含一切有情存在的器世间,为诸法有情所依处
。
「执受」有两种,即种子和身体及感觉器官。执与受也者,就是指种子与有情众生的身体
,由识紧紧的执着、接受和觉受。
(尚德按:
在唯识学中所提的根与身,它并非一而二、二而一的。韦达把根与身合在一起翻译成多数
的感觉器官(sense- organs),翻译得不妥,值得商讨。
人类知识的最大问题:根、身、器并非一而三、三而一。真正的宗教和形而上,之所以难
了解在此也。这也难怪韦达未将根与身分开翻译。)
种子熏习的影响有三含义:相、名与分别。
之所以有根身,因为五种色质器官(即眼、耳、鼻、舌、身)及其所支持的物质的身体。
种子和身体都是识所执与受的,好也好,坏也好,都是与自己如影随形,分秒不离。
执、受及处皆为识所缘的对象。
(尚德按:
人都是生生世世在执、受、处中,自己搞自己,没有别人搞你。
除非是菩萨,永远自己搞自己,到了黄河还不死心也。)
第五十一次
待续
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