作者DharmaZen (达摩书院)
看板Buddhism
标题[转录] 唯识新引43---天经地义
时间Wed Mar 23 11:12:38 2011
唯识新引
《成唯识论》新解
唯识学会理事长张尚德讲述
达摩书院副院长黄高证记录
第四十三次
天经地义
《成唯识论》卷二
若亦有佛无漏种者彼二障种俱可永害。即立彼为如来种姓。
[述记:依瑜伽第五十二卷说。]
故由无漏种子有无障有可断不可断义。
然无漏种微隐难知故约彼障显性差别。
不尔彼障有何别因而有可害不可害者。
若谓法尔有此障别无漏法种宁不许然。
若本全无无漏法种则诸圣道永不得生。
谁当能害二障种子而说依障立种姓别。
既彼圣道必无生义说当可生亦定非理。
然诸圣教处处说有本有种子皆违彼义。
故唯始起理教相违。
由此应知。诸法种子各有本有始起二类。
英译(韦达)
In the case of a person who possesses the pure Bijas of Mahabodhi or of the
Vehicle of the Tathagatas, the Bijas of the two kinds of avarana are
destructible. That person belongs to the Gotra of the Tathagatas.
It is clear from the above that the possibility or the impossibility
abandoning the avaranas depends on the presence or the absence of pure Bijas.
However, the pure Bijas being subtle, hidden, and almost incomprehensible the
Yogasastra establishes the distinction of the Gotras on the basis of the
avaranas.
The truth of this doctrine is beyond all doubt. Apart from the pure Bijas
what can be the cause of the destructibility and the indestructibility of the
avaranas? If you say that the difference in the nature of the avaranas exists
by reason of the essential nature or the natural force of the avaranas
themselves, and that their destructivity or indestructibility is due entirely
to their own essential nature, our reply is: can you not admit just as well
that the difference in the nature of the Bijas of the pure dharmas of the
three Vehicles exists also by reason of their essential nature and natural
force?
If Bijas of pure dharmas are originally and absolutely lacking, the Holy Path
(aryanarga) can never come into existence. By whom and by what then will the
Bijas of the two avaranas be destroyed, and how can they be destroyed in such
a way that the distinction of the Gotras can be established on the basis of
the avaranas? Since the Holy Path cannot come into existence, it is absurd to
attribute to infernal beings the Bijas of pure dharmas (the three pure
indriyas).
But, in fact, in numerous places, the sacred teachings say that there are
innate Bijas. Hence to hold that all Bijas were originated at a point of time
in the past is contradictory to logical reason and the Scripture. It follows
from this that there are two species of Bijas, the innate and the originated.
中译(张尚德)
若具备大乘或佛乘的无漏种,其烦恼障与所知障皆可断除,即是如来种性。
从以上的解释,就很清晰的知道,是否能断烦恼障与所知障,也系於无漏种的有无。
然而,无漏种微细难知。因此,《瑜伽师地论》是从烦恼障与所知障来解释种性的差别。
这种理论之为真,是丝毫不容置疑的。之所以能够和不能够断掉烦恼障与所知障,除了有
和没有无漏种以外,还有什麽其它的原因呢?
假定说烦恼障与所知障存在的本身,是因其自身本来而存在的。其能断和不能断,也完全
是由於其自身的存在。则我们的回答是:那你就不得不承认,大、中、小三乘中的无漏种
子,也应该是法尔如是而本来存在的。
如果全无无漏法种,就永远不可能有圣道。如此一来,又怎麽能断烦恼障与所知障的种子
呢?既然如此,又怎麽能以烦恼障与所知障来建立种性的差别呢?既然一定没有产生圣道
的义理,却认为地狱众生也有大、中、小三乘的无漏种子,那是很荒谬的。
由诸圣教处处都说有本有种子,所以说种子全是後生的就不合逻辑和不合经义。
因此,种子应该是有本有和後起两种。
尚德按:
究实说来,整个古今中外人文学说都离不开宇宙及一切存在究竟是哪里来的。包括唯识在
内的佛法,是以阿赖耶识和种子概念与理论来做解释的。整个解释可以用一句话做结论:
与一切存在打成一片,又超越一切存在。
这是成佛的境界与证量。所以说:「一微尘中有亿万佛。」和「坐微尘里,转大法轮」。
所以在佛经上要去找一切存在原始发生的答案,是找不到的。不过,有一点是千真万确的
。就是:
「种子生现行,现行熏种子。」
那就是说,一旦存在了,就会在一切存在中转来转去,这就叫做「种子生现行」。而当在
某种时间和空间中存在的时候,那种存在会反过来累积、熏习在原来的种子上。
无漏种也者,善根也,无烦恼痛苦也。有漏种也者,恶根也,烦恼痛苦也。
所以生生世世要修善法,去恶法,这才是佛法的根本。
勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之。
天经地义也。
第四十四次
待续
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