作者yggdrasils (尤克特拉希尔)
看板Buddhism
标题第一部《心经》英文译本出现在何时?由何人所译?
时间Tue Feb 16 16:39:05 2010
http://blog.yam.com/heartspirit/article/4341620
穆勒是第一位将梵文的广本、略本《心经》译成英文的学者,从此西方世界得以了解这部
重要的佛教经典。研究《心经》译本,穆勒的版本是不可遗漏的。
从十九世纪起,欧美学者开始研究佛教,德裔英国东方学家麦克斯.穆勒(Friedrich Max
Muller, 1823-1900)首次翻译了《心经》,从此西方世界得以了解这部重要的佛教经典
。研究《心经》译本,穆勒的版本是不可遗漏的。
西元1884年,穆勒首度将梵本《心经》以天城体与罗马拼音版本呈现给欧美世界,成为第
一位将梵文的广本、略本《心经》译成英文的学者。(在他之前曾有另一位西方学者 把
玄奘中译本心经翻译成英文。)当时英文佛学用词尚未固定,以现代的标准来看,有些尚待
修正,但并无损於穆勒对《心经》研究的历史贡献。
东方宗教学家和语言学家
穆勒是德国出生的东方学家与语言学家,起初攻读梵文,而後研究比较语言学。1845年开
始研究《波斯古经》(即《阿维斯陀》,Avesta),亦曾编校印度最早的赞歌集《梨俱吠
陀》。穆勒无疑是近代西方重要的的宗教学家,他尤其擅长佛学,在巴黎大学随东方学家
布尔诺夫研究梵文与佛学。他後来定居於英国,担任牛津大学教授,从事印度宗教与哲学
等研究工作,并大量进行校勘、翻译与出版佛典。穆勒对印度宗教、神话、哲学、语言等
也都有比较广博、深湛的研究。他可说是十九世纪兴起的比较语言学、比较宗教学与比较
神话学的创建人之一。一八五七年後,穆勒为「巴利圣典协」主编《东方圣典丛书》
( SacredBook of the East Series),使佛教的学术价值与哲学意义备受重视。
●与日本佛学界合作翻译佛典
在翻译佛教典籍工作上,穆勒与日本学者的渊源甚深。在日本学者南条文雄(1849-1927,
日本佛教净土真宗大谷派僧人)与竺原研寿等协助下,穆勒校勘、翻译与出版了几本重要
的佛教经典,例如《佛说阿弥陀经》、《 无量寿经》、《金刚般若经》、《般若心经》、
《佛顶尊圣陀罗尼经》、《法句经》等。而南条文雄与高楠顺次郎(1866 -1945,日本着
名佛教学者与教育学者,最大的成就为刊印《大正藏》100卷),都出自於穆勒的门下。
CW38_No.101
English translations by
F. Max Muller & Lu K'uan-yu, respectively
Both revised by the Buddhist Yogi C. M. Chen
The Heart Sutra
(The Prajna-Paramita-Hrdaya Sutra)
When Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara practices the profound Prajna-paramita, he
intuitively realizes that the five aggregates (skandhas) are of Sunyata
nature thus securing his deliverance from all distress and sufferings.
Sariputra! Form (rupa) does not differ from Sunyata, nor Sunyata from form.
Form is identical with Sunyata (and) Sunyata is identical with form. So also
are reception (vedana), conception (sanjna), mental conduct (samskara) and
consciousness (vijnana) in relation to Sunyata.
Sariputra, the Sunyata nature of all things is neither created nor annihilated;
neither impure nor pure; and neither increasing nor decreasing.
Therefore, in Sunyata, there is neither form (rupa), reception (vedana),
conception (sanjna), mental conduct (samskara), nor consciousness (vijnana);
there is neither eye, ear, nose, tongue, body nor mind; there is neither form,
sound, odor, flavor, feeling nor idea; there are no such things as the eighteen
realms of sense (dhatus) from the realm of sight up to that of the faculty of
mind (vijnana); there are no such things as the twelve links in the chain of
existence (nidanas) from ignorance (avidya) with also the end of ignorance up
to old age and death (jaramarana) with also the end of old age and death; there
are no (such things as) the four noble truths and there is neither Wisdom nor
obtainment.
Because of no obtainment, Bodhisattvas who rely on Prajna-paramita, have no
hindrance in their minds, and since they have no hindrance, they have no fear,
are free from perversive and delusive ideas and attain the Ultimate Nirvana.
All Buddhas of the past, present and future attain the Full Enlightenment
(anuttara-samyak-sambodhi) by relying on Prajna-paramita. So we know that
Prajna-paramita is the great supernatural Mantra, the great bright, unsurpassed
and unequalled Mantra which can truly and without fail wipe out all sufferings.
Therefore, He uttered the Prajna-paramita mantra which reads:
Gate, Gate, Paragate, Parasamgate Bodhi Svaha!
--
从一颗平静的心修行所得到的知识,和从研读中所得到的知识实在相差甚远。从研读中所
得到的知识,不是我们心中真正的知识(智慧),但我们的心却试图握持和保留这种知
识。我们为什麽要试图去保留它呢?终究会失去它的呀! ---阿姜查《流水》
--
※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc)
◆ From: 123.192.3.116
1F:推 biglafu:Friedrich常翻成斐特烈...... 218.166.15.162 02/16 17:50
2F:推 Crazyfire:突然发现了南条文雄....顺便提一下"南条 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:04
3F:→ Crazyfire:对中国佛教复兴也算是个贵人,近代(清末 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:05
4F:→ Crazyfire:民初)的中国佛教复兴之父--杨文山所办的 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:05
5F:→ Crazyfire:金陵刻经处刊印的许多经典,原本在中土 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:07
6F:→ Crazyfire:因战乱佚失的经论或注疏,也是杨文会拖 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:07
7F:→ Crazyfire:南条文雄的帮忙和收集,才转回中国重新 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:08
8F:→ Crazyfire:刊印发行,没有这些经籍典籍做凭介的话 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:09
9F:→ Crazyfire:民国初年,佛学研究也不可能能够重兴... 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:09
10F:→ Crazyfire:杨文会(字仁山)、不是杨文山XDD 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:10
11F:→ Crazyfire:佛学研究没人的话,在知识界大概就完全 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:11
12F:→ Crazyfire:被某个西方宗教更能全盘性地垄断了 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:11
13F:→ Crazyfire:清末民初就有这种窘境了,若没杨文会居 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:13
14F:→ Crazyfire:士的发心护持,中国佛教真的早就完全被 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:13
15F:→ Crazyfire:视同民俗信仰而完全为知识界所鄙 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:14
16F:推 Crazyfire:杨文会居士为当时具有进步意识且具有国 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:25
17F:→ Crazyfire:际观的中国人,他和"南条"的认识即是在 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:26
18F:→ Crazyfire:访英见学期间认识的。虽然佛法本质上是 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:27
19F:→ Crazyfire:出世间法,但佛要能在"世间兴"的话,也 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:27
20F:→ Crazyfire:必须要有具备高素养世间知识的僧、俗的 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:28
21F:→ Crazyfire:护持才能维持法运 59.115.130.90 02/19 14:28
24F:→ Crazyfire:近代佛教振兴者杨仁山的理念与事业 59.115.130.90 02/19 16:23