※ 引述《Jack0 (南无观世音菩萨)》之铭言： : ※ 引述《memoryfool (yes)》之铭言： : : 最近要做报告...研究各宗教对同志议题的态度 : : 以基督教天主教为例, 是反对同性恋的 : : 那佛教的看法呢??? : : 谢谢 : 网友提供 昭慧法师的观点，末学提供 达赖喇嘛的观点： : 达赖喇嘛於一九九七年七月十一日在美国旧金山与全美同性恋佛教徒领袖们的一项 : 座谈会内容。达赖喇嘛首先表示，他个人对此议题愿从两个层面来回应，一是从社 : 会关怀的观点；其次是从佛教本身的观点。 : 他强调，从社会关怀的观点而言，一个社会若拒绝一群人只为他们的性倾向，这是 : 错误的，因为这将为这些受歧视的人带来莫大的伤害，因此，他肯定同性恋的平权 : 运动是合理的且合乎罗辑的。 : 其次，他从佛教戒律本身来说明这个问题，他指出，经典中对於何种性行为违反五 : 戒中的不邪淫有若干的说明，但根据此种规定，凡是阴道性交以外的性行为，都是 : 不正确的性行为，应该被佛教徒所避免的。因此，同性间的性行为从佛教的观点来 : 说，是不能被列为正确的性行为。但他也进一步说明佛教所认为的不正确行为，可 : 分为两个层次，一是本性上的恶，如杀人；另一个则是非本性上的恶，如邪淫及出 : 家人违反过午不食戒律等，所以一般而言，後者所引发的恶业是比前者来得轻。 : 达赖喇嘛进一步强调，「同性恋者仍可成为佛教徒，甚至为了避免因为性压抑而导 : 致更大的负面结果，如暴力事件等，他认为，同性恋佛教徒最好还是保有他们的性 : 行为。」 : 当被问到为何戒律中允许异性恋信众一天可以从事多达五次的性行为，却认定同性 : 恋者哪怕一生只从事过一次性行为都是错误的呢？达赖喇嘛坦承，这项戒律的制定 : 可能与当时印度奖励生产的风俗有关，他也认为，随着时代的演进，或许过去认为 : 是不对的事，如今已普遍被认可，例如同性恋的议题就相当值得大家来集思广议， : 但戒律中的规定与说明不是他个人或其他个人所能更改的，依照传统，这必需经由 : 全体僧团大会讨论决定，因此，他个人会建议将这项议题提到即将举行的各教派佛 : 教大会中讨论。 你给的翻译根本和下面的英文原文多所出入。 -- 一九九七年六月十一日,於旧金山举行的一个历史性的会晤里,达赖喇嘛首度与一群同志佛 教徒及人权领袖,共同探讨关於同性恋,人权与佛教的议题,他强烈反对加诸同志身上的任 何暴力与歧视,并主张赋予所有人充份的人权,不论他们的性倾向为何 达赖喇嘛并对在场人士所曾经历的失落与歧视感到不忍,力主应当对所有人予以尊重,容忍 与怜悯,他并清楚地表示,同志人权运动者可以仰赖佛法以为资粮,继续为同志的平等权而 奋斗! “达赖喇嘛对於我们的平等权的支持是非常有意义的!”,出席这场盛会的Tinku Ali Ishtiaq,他同时也是the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission的 共同主席, 於会後如此表示, “这位诺贝尔和平奖得主广为世人尊重,更因他的智慧之语 而备受爱戴, 我希望他此次所传达对於同志族群的平等对待与尊重,也能对佛教以外的宗 教传统产生相当的影响力” 在这场温馨而轻松的会晤里, 达赖喇嘛尝试说明他个人对於佛教经典中关於情慾记载的理 解, 对於在场人士因佛教戒律中有关同性性行为的不公允记载与规定所引发的关切与沮丧 , 达赖喇嘛则感同深受! 虽然传统的佛教戒律禁止修行中的佛教徒从事某些特定的性行为,其中包括同性性行为在 内,但达赖喇嘛认为, 这些戒律可能只是因应某个特定的文化与历史脉络而设立的,他强调 , 他个人虽然没有这个权力去片面地重新诠释经典, 但他仍强烈呼吁所有当今佛教内的各 个宗派与传承应该共同努力改变对於这类戒律的理解, 使佛法更能深植於当代人类社会! 达赖喇嘛对於当前一些关於同性恋的科学研究成果(如美国精神医学学会不再视同性恋为 心理疾病),表达高度的兴趣, 并认为这些洞见将有利於佛教教内重新诠释同性性行为是否 如法的相关戒律! “达赖喇嘛的开明与平等的性格真是令人难以忘怀, 作为一位流亡政府的领导人和一位禁 慾的宗教领袖, 我猜想他过去大概无法花太多时间在人类性慾,同志人权和恐同症这类议 题上面, 但对於我们所提议将这些议题一并纳入即将到来的几场佛法会议中讨论, 他则表 示欢迎”, Eva Herzer 会後如此表示, 她同时也是the International Committee of Lawyers for Tibet的总裁! 过去曾为佛教比丘, 现为加州大学圣塔芭芭拉大学宗教系教授的 José Ignacio Cabezó n 表示,“我被达赖喇嘛的开示所深深感动与鼓励, 见到如此令人尊崇的宗教思想家愿意 戮力探索解决关於性道德的议题, 特别是从一种相当开明仁慈而又十分严谨的角度, 来关 切同志族群的权利与义务, 作为一位同志佛教徒, 我感到相当荣幸能参与此盛会” 圣荷西西藏佛寺的精神导师Ven. K.T. Shedrup Gyatso也发表关於出席这场盛会的感言, ”作为一位公开现身的男同志, 但同时也是一位谨守禁慾戒律的佛教僧侣, 我对达赖喇嘛 的开示感到法喜充满, 我现在可以回到我的佛寺, 跟我的同志信徒们说: “你们仍然是佛 教徒! 你们仍然是受欢迎的! 你们跟其他任何人一样都有资格迈向成佛之道!“ -- : 原文如下： : The Dalai Lama meets with lesbian and gay leaders : Press Release June 1997 : Contact: : Mirka Negroni, IGLHRC, 415-255-8680 (SAN FRANCISCO, June 11, 1997) - In a : historic meeting in San Francisco on June 11, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, : for the first time ever, discussed issues of homosexuality, human rights and : Buddhism with a small group of gay and lesbians leaders. His Holiness : expressed his strong opposition to discrimination and violence against gay : and lesbian people. He voiced his support for full human rights for all, : regardless of sexual orientation. The Dalai Lama was moved by personal : stories of loss and discrimination related by the participants, and urged : respect, tolerance, and compassion for all. He made it clear that gay and : lesbian activists could rely on general Buddhist principles as a foundation : for their struggle for full equality. : "His Holiness the Dalai Lama's support for our rights is very significant," : said Tinku Ali Ishtiaq, co-chair of the International Gay and Lesbian Human : Rights Commission. "The Nobel Laureate commands tremendous respect among : people of the world and is highly respected for his words of wisdom. I hope : that his message of non-discrimination and respect for our rights will have : considerable impact on non-Buddhist religious traditions as well." : In a warm, relaxed meeting, the Dalai Lama sought to clarify his : understanding of traditional Buddhist texts concerning sexuality and : empathized with participants' concerns and frustrations about the unfairness : of the prohibitions for gays and lesbians. Traditional Buddhist teaching : prohibits certain sexual activities for practicing Buddhists, including : homosexual acts for men (and by implication, he said, for women). He : expressed his willingness to consider the possibility that some of these : teachings may be specific to a particular cultural and historical context. He : stressed that he does not have the authority to unilaterally reinterpret : Buddhist scriptures, but urged those present to build a consensus among other : Buddhist traditions and communities to collectively change the understanding : of the text for contemporary society. His Holiness expressed interest in the : insights of modern scientific research and its value in developing new : understandings of these texts. : "His Holiness the Dalai Lama was characteristically open and non-judgmental. : As Head of State of an : occupied country and as a celibate religious leader, I think he has not : spent much time considering issues of sexuality, gay rights, and homophobia. : Yet he welcomed our suggestion that these issues be explored in conjunction : with upcoming conferences," said Eva Herzer, President of the International : Committee of Lawyers for Tibet. : Jos Ignacio Cabez镢,, a former Buddhist monk and Professor of Philosophy at : the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, said, "I feel heartened and : encouraged by this dialogue. It is wonderful to see a religious thinker of : the caliber of His Holiness the Dalai Lama grappling with issues of sexual : ethics and especially the rights and responsibilities of gay and lesbian : people in such an open, empathetic, and rigorous fashion. As a gay Buddhist, : I am grateful for this opportunity." : Lourdes Arguello, a professor of education at the Claremont Graduate School : and a board member of the Buddhist Peace Fellowship summed up her : observations as follows: "It is always amazing to see how His Holiness rises : beyond the culture-bound context of his own tradition and grapples with : seemingly absurd proscriptions to focus on the complex needs and desires of : human beings in the here and now. I left the meeting with both the : understanding and the feeling that this is a first stage in an exciting and : provocative dialogue between His Holiness and other Buddhist teachers on the : one hand and gay and lesbian Buddhists and human rights activists on the : other." : "This open, honest discussion of Buddhist traditional doctrine, with the : participation of one of its most outstanding teachers, is 20th century : Buddhism at its best," said Steve Peskind of the Buddhist AIDS Project. : Ven. K.T. Shedrup Gyatso, Spiritual Director of the San Jose Tibetan Temple, : said regarding today's meeting, "As an openly gay, celibate, fully-ordained : Buddhist monk, I am very pleased with what His Holiness had to say. I can now : go back to my temple and tell our gay, lesbian and bisexual members that they : are still Buddhists, that they are still welcome, and that they are as : well-equipped for the Buddhist path as anyone else." : original report can be found on : http://www.iglhrc.org/news/press/pr_970611.html --

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